The Holocaust

Holocaust Systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior. Hitler favored the _____________ or “master race” Aryan refers to Indo-European peoples who began to migrate into the Indian sub-continent

Steps in Hitler’s Holocaust Stir up hatred/indoctrinate-(propaganda link) http://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/exhibit.html#/gallery/ Identification of Jews Slowly take away citizenship/personal freedoms Segregation Laws-Nuremburg race laws Ghettos Concentration Camps Death Camps

Others targeted Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, the dissenting clergy, disabled, Communists, Socialists, asocial, and other political enemies. http://fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/People/Victims.htm http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143&MediaId=3372

The Holocaust (1941-45) Of the 60 million World War II deaths,_______ million people died in German death camps including 3.5 million Russians, and 6 million Jews (2/3rds of all European Jews) The word ________________ was given to the killing of the 6 million Jews because it was a war of extermination designed to wipe out an entire group of people. Hitler’s “Final Solution” Systematic genocide

Holocaust Chronology Jan 30, 1933 - Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000. April 1, 1933 - Nazis stage a boycott of Jewish shops and businesses. April 11, 1933 - Nazis issue a decree defining a non-Aryan as "anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish parents or grandparents. One Jewish parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryan.

Holocaust Chronology July 14, 1933 - Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany; Also, Nazis pass a law to strip Jewish immigrants from Poland of their German citizenship. July 1933- Nazis pass laws allowing for forced sterilization of those found by a Hereditary Health Court to have genetic defects. Nov 24, 1933 - Nazis pass a Law against Habitual and Dangerous Criminals, which allows beggars, the homeless, alcoholics and the unemployed to be sent to concentration camps. Sept 15, 1935 – Nuremburg Laws

Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 Deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans. The Nuremberg Laws had the unexpected result of causing confusion and heated debate over who was a "full Jew." The Nazis settled on defining a "full Jew" as a person with three Jewish grandparents. Those with less were designated as Mischlinge. After the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, a dozen supplemental Nazi decrees were issued that eventually outlawed the Jews completely, depriving them of their rights as human beings.

The white figures represent Aryans; the black figures represent Jews; and the shaded figures represent Mischlinge.

Holocaust Chronology July 23, 1938 - Nazis order Jews over age 15 to apply for Identification cardsfrom the police, to be shown on demand to any police officer. November 1938-Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass” Jewish homes and businesses destroyed. 100 Jewish people are killed Oct 1939- Nazis begin euthanasia on sick and disabled in Germany. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_ph.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005200&MediaId=881 March 7, 1941 - German Jews ordered into forced labor.

A Jewish man wearing the yellow star walks along a street in Germany.

Ghettos The Jewish people were forced to live in designated areas of European cities. The areas were sealed off with barbed wire and stone blocks Many Jewish people starved to death or died of disease.

One of the most famous photos taken during the Holocaust shows Jewish families arrested by Nazis during the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland, and sent to be gassed at Treblinka extermination camp.

“Final Solution” The Nazis plan to annihilate the Jewish population. To carry out the final solution there were three types of concentration camps Labor camps Holding camps Death camps

Concentration Camps If you survived the ghetto you could eventually be transported to a concentration camp or death camp Concentration Camps were areas to hold Jews and others considered in superior. People were starved and worked to death. bhttp://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005189&MediaId=3371e murdered http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_fi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005145&MediaId=210

Concentration Camps Many Jews taken to concentration camps, or labor camps families often separated Camps were originally prisons; given to the SS to warehouse “undesirables” Prisoners were crammed into wooden barracks and given little food Work dawn to dusk, 7 days per week Those too weak to work are killed

"The brute Schmidt was our guard; he beat and kicked us if he thought we were not working fast enough. He ordered his victims to lie down and gave them 25 lashes with a whip, ordering them to count out loud. If the victim made a mistake, he was given 50 lashes. . . . Thirty or 40 of us were shot every day. A doctor usually prepared a daily list of the weakest men. During the lunch break they were taken to a nearby grave and shot. They were replaced the following morning by new arrivals from the transport of the day. . . . It was a miracle if anyone survived for five or six months in Belzec."—RUDOLF REDER quoted in The Holocaust 

Death Camps Places where people were transported for extermination Many were gassed and then either buried in mass graves or cremated bhttp://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005189&MediaId=3371e murdered Video link liberation of Majdanek http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_fi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005145&MediaId=210 Video link-Auschwitz liberation http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_fi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005151&MediaId=238

At Belzec death camp, SS Guards stand in formation outside the kommandant's house.

A view of Majdanek, which served as a concentration camp and also as a killing center for Jews.

Liberation Begins Systematic killing began in 1941 and by Jan. 27, 1945 Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz. By this time, an estimated 2,000,000 persons, including 1,500,000 Jews, have been murdered there. April 29, 1945 - U.S. 7th Army liberates Dachau.

Conclusion The saying from the Holocaust is Never Forget. Why is their still genocide in the world? What makes the Holocaust different from other genocides

Statistics of the Holocaust Country Initial Jewish Population Estimated % Killed Estimated Killed Number of Survivors POLAND 3,300,000 91% 3,000,000 300,000 USSR 3,020,000 36% 1,100,000 1,920,000 HUNGARY 800,000 74% 596,000 204,000 GERMANY 566,000 200,000 366,000 FRANCE 350,000 22% 77,320 272,680 ROMANIA 342,000 84% 287,000 55,000 AUSTRIA 185,000 35% 65,000 120,000 LITHUANIA 168,000 85% 143,000 25,000 NETHERLANDS 140,000 71% 100,000 40,000 BOHEMIA 118,310 60% 71,150 47,160 MORAVIA LATVIA 95,000 80,000 15,000 SLOVAKIA 88,950 80% 71,000 17,950 YUGOSLAVIA 78,000 81% 63,300 14,700 GREECE 77,380 87% 67,000 10,380 BELGIUM 65,700 45% 28,900 36,800 ITALY 44,500 17% 7,680 36,820 ESTONIA 4,500 44% 2,000 2,500 LUXEMBOURG 3,500 55% 1,950 1,550 TOTAL 9,508,340 63% 5,962,129 3,546,211 Statistics of the Holocaust

There have been many massacres during the course of world history There have been many massacres during the course of world history. And the Nazis murdered many non-Jews in concentration camps. What is unique about Hitler’s Final Solution of the Jewish Problem,” was the Nazi’s determination to murder without exception every single Jew who came within grasp, and the fanaticism, ingenuity, and cruelty with which they pursued their goal.

Life in a Concentration Camp A prisoner in Dachau is forced to stand without moving for endless hours as a punishment. He is wearing a triangle patch identification on his chest. A chart of prisoner triangle identification markings used in Nazi concentration camps which allowed the guards to easily see which type of prisoner any individual was.

Nazis sift through the enormous pile of clothing left behind by the victims of a massacre. (1941)

Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.

Survivors in Mauthausen open one of the crematoria ovens for American troops who are inspecting the camp.

A warehouse full of shoes and clothing confiscated from the prisoners and deportees gassed upon their arrival. The Nazis shipped these goods to Germany.

A mass grave in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

Young survivors behind a barbed wire fence in Buchenwald.

Holocaust Research Project 1. Research one of the following topics to present to the class through a SHORT power point. People targeted Mobile Killing Squads Kristallnacht Nazi Medical experiments Survivor story Rise of Anti-Semitism in Europe Jewish resistance attempts Aftermath/punishment 2. Create a short power point explaining your topic and its significance in the Holocaust. Slides should not be wordy Include at least 3 pictures No more than 10 slides Have a title slide and resource slide Power point design should be visually pleasing and easy to read 3. Provide fill in notes for the class-you must provide a copy to me the day before you present!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4. Presentations should be shared by the group. 5. Be sure to have good eye contact and an audible voice. 6. Do not read directly from your power point!!!!!!!!!!!!! Good site to use for a reference http://fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/sitemap/sitemap.htm