The Human Body EDU 521 Jessica Vining

What are the systems of the body? Circulatory SystemSkeletal System Respiratory System

The Respiratory System What is the major organ involved in the human body’s respiratory system?

Correct!  The major organ of the respiratory system is the lungs. lungs  Oxygen is taken into the body through your nose and mouth.  The oxygen then travels down your trachea, through the bronchi, and into the lungs. tracheabronchilungstracheabronchilungs  Oxygen enters the blood stream through the bronchioles and alveoli. bronchioles alveoli bronchioles alveoli

Respiratory System Vocabulary  Lungs: The lungs are one of the largest organs in the human body, and make it possible for you to breathe. They are responsible for providing oxygen to your blood cells and the rest of your body.  Trachea: The trachea is the medical term for what you might call your wind pipe. Air travels down the trachea, which leads to the bronchus/bronchi.  Bronchi: The bronchi stem off from the end of the trachea and into either side of your lungs, feeding into the bronchioles.  Bronchioles: Bronchioles are like small branches that stem from the bronchi.  Alveoli: Alveoli are attached to the ends of each bronchiole, and feed fresh oxygen to the blood cells of the human body.

The Circulatory System True or False: The most important organ in the circulatory system, the heart, is actually a muscle. A. True True B. False False False

Correct!  The heart is made up of four different parts, or chambers. The two chambers on the top are called the atria, and the two bottom chambers are called the ventricles.  The heart’s main job is to pump blood the atria and the ventricles, where the blood cells pick up fresh oxygen and then return to the blood stream.  There are four valves in the heart which help direct the blood with fresh oxygen back to the blood stream. These are called the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves.

What about circulation?  Once the re-oxygenated blood leaves the heart, it travels through veins and arteries, which together are called your blood vessels.  Arteries are the blood vessels that carry newly oxygenated blood away from the heart. Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart to get re-oxygenated.  It takes the heart only 60 seconds to pump blood to every cell of your body.

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The Skeletal System Human bones are essential for what purpose? A. To provide protection to internal organs such as the lungs, heart, brain, and spinal cord. B. To provide the support necessary for activities such as walking. D. All of the above. C. To create blood cells for the body.

Correct!  The human skeletal system has many important functions, including providing protection for vital organs such as the brain, lungs, heart, and spinal cord.  Bones are made up of four layers: the periosteum, compact bone, cancellous bone, and bone marrow. Click here to see a diagram of the layers of a bone. For an explanation of what each specific layer does, click here. here  When a baby is born, their body contains about 300 separate bones. As you grow, some of your bones fuse or grow together. When you are a full grown adult, your body contains 206 total bones.

Layers of a Bone

The Four Layers of a Bone  The outermost layer, the periosteum, contains nerves, as well as blood vessels which feed the bone.  The next layer is called the compact bone. This layer is hard and smooth; you would recognize it as what you see when you look at a skeleton!  Cancellous bone might remind you of a sponge, but while it is not as hard as compact bone, it is still very strong!  The innermost layer of a bone is the bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating blood cells for the rest of the body. It might remind you of a dense jelly!

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