 Hand in any work needed.  Get out a small piece of paper, PUT YOUR NAME ON IT.  When bell rings the quiz will start and you will have 1 minute per question to answer.

 How old is the Earth?

 When did pangea begin to break up? Period and time?

 What are the three types of faults?

 What is the thickness of the crust and rigid mantle (lithosphere)?

 1.) How old is the Earth? 4600 mya or 4.6 bya  2.) When did pangea begin to break up? Period and time? Triassic, mya  3.) What are the three types of faults? Normal, reverse, strike slip  4.) What is the thickness of the crust and rigid mantle (lithosphere)? ~200km

Layers of rock tell us a story.

 Relative dating  Superposition  Uniformitarianism  Horizontality  Crosscutting relationship  Stratigraphic Column  Intrusion  Contact metamorphism

 No, not that kind of relative, think outside the family.  Relative dating is using rock layers to estimate the age.  Think of your room floor.

 RULE #1: Superposition In order for a rock layer to be on top of another it must be younger.!  You can’t put things on top of others things that aren’t there.

 RULE #2: Uniformitarianism “The present is the key to the past.” James Hutton, father of Geology This means that environments of today will leave behind the same things that were in the past. A swamp today dark carbon rich rock tomorrow (future)… So if I got a rock that was dark, rich in carbon what kind of environment did it form from?

 RULE #3 Horizontality This states that all sedimentary layers are deposited in flat layers (horizontal).

 RULE #4 Crosscutting relations In order for a fault to cut through the rock layer the layers must be there.

 These are layers of igneous rock that cut through sedimentary rock.  These intrusions are perpendicular to the strata or close to it.

 What is this? Rock (usually sedimentary) are heated up and under pressure creates metamorphic rock.  The intrusion metamorphosed the sedimentary rocks it touches. Rock Morphed into  K-  A-  Z-  L- Z A K L

 A picture that depicts the rock strata.

 Top: (First) 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, Fault  Middle: (First) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Intrusion  Bottom: (First) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Tilting, 8

 A, B, C, D, E, G (fault), F, Tilting #1, H, I, J, K, Tilting #2, L, N

 We know that some animals lived at only certain times,  So, if we find a fossil that lived in one time it can tell us the age of the rock.  Index Fossil A fossil of an animal that lived all over the world and didn’t live that long.

 These are fossils that are short lived and spread worldwide.  Why are these important? Gives us a time frame to work with.

 To be an index fossil you must: Live for a short period of time Lived world wide Be well preserved  Can connect times based on same fossils