FIGURE The map in this figure shows juvenile delinquencies on Halloween night for the period 1933–1934 comparing supervised and unsupervised activities in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This map helped police gain a geographical understanding of Halloween events in those two years and help plan activities during the year and for future Halloween policing. Some of the terminology is definitely out of date, yet suggests that cultural concepts of the time were very significant in categorizing events. Courtesy of Hennepin County Library Special Collections. From A Primer of GIS, 2nd edition, by Francis Harvey. Copyright 2016 by The Guilford Press.

FIGURE The boundaries of 293 public administration units in the Minnesota Twin Cities area. Coordinating the mapping activities of this many groups is very challenging but central to helping assure good services and government response. Courtesy of MetroGIS, St. Paul, Minnesota. From A Primer of GIS, 2nd edition, by Francis Harvey. Copyright 2016 by The Guilford Press.

FIGURE Portion of an assessor’s map. Such maps are designed to facilitate communication and coordination among professionals working with the cadastre. Note the disclaimer on the top of the map. It offers guidance to try to avoid misuse of the map. From A Primer of GIS, 2nd edition, by Francis Harvey. Copyright 2016 by The Guilford Press.

FIGURE Cadastral map, Henrico County, Virginia, The cadastre in many countries follows strict legal mapping guidelines. From From A Primer of GIS, 2nd edition, by Francis Harvey. Copyright 2016 by The Guilford Press.