Chapter 17 The Era of Progressive Reform

MUCKRAKERS Coined by Teddy Roosevelt (#26). Journalists that uncovered corruption or wrong doing in government and business. Brought legislative change. The Progressive movement used these stories to bring about “progress” in society – progressive movement

Important MUCKRAKERS Lincoln Steffens He exposed political corruption in St. Louis and other cities. His work in exposing police corruption in New York helped to defeat the Tammany machine's candidate for mayor in 1894

Ida Tarbell Uncovered scandal of the power trust of the Standard Oil Co. through 18 installments in McClure’s Magazine Caused Congress to investigate Supreme Court ruled that the trust (really monopoly) must be broken up. She influenced many other progressives to make a difference with their writings.

Upton Sinclair Wrote The Jungle, published in 1906, described the horrors of the meatpacking industry. Publication of the book led to the creation of a federal meat inspection program. Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act passed in 1906!

Goals of Progressivism Prevent businesses from treating competing companies unfairly Improve safety and working conditions for workers Outlaw child labor Create programs to help the sick, unemployed, and elderly Reduce government corruption Give women the right to vote

Women’s Suffrage Seneca Falls, NY 1848 – demand the vote. Leaders: Susan B. Anthony ($1), Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, Alice Paul, Ida B. Wells. Ratified in August 1920, the 19 th Amendment gave American women the right to vote just in time for the 1920 presidential election. (Iron Jawed Angels) Millions of new women voters helped elect Warren Harding.

Political Cartoons: Women’s Suffrage Transparency: Political Cartoons: Women’s Suffrage TRANSPARENCY

Mr. President, how long must women want for liberty?

Alice Paul – the arrest, Hunger Strike and Force Feeding

Passages of Women’s Suffrage Graph: Passages of Women’s Suffrage GRAPH

Bad Romance – Women’s Suffrage QhRCs9IHM

The Struggle for African Americans against Discrimination

Deeper look… What’s going on in the South? Jim Crow Laws, discrimination, KKK, etc. What is the federal gov’t doing? Plessey v. Ferguson Ruled separate but equal was constitutional What about the black community? Divisions NAACP – “physically free from peonage, mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disfranchisement, and socially free from insult.”

How should we respond to discrimination? Comparing Viewpoints: How should we respond to discrimination? COMPARING VIEWPOINTS

Don’t forget the problems with: city living and factory work… Overcrowded (tenements) Sanitation issues Poverty Lack of schools Lack of hospitals Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives” Dangerous Long hours Low pay No skills needed Child labor Unions helped some…

Images of children living in the cities and working in factories during this time. Check page 550 & 551.

Children Enrolled in Public Schools and Employed, Chart: Children Enrolled in Public Schools and Employed CHART

Jane Addams – the Hull House, Chicago To help the Urban Poor (community center) Nursery’s & kindergarten Adults – theater, art, dance Wanted immigrants and women to: Live in the community as an equal participant in the local issues of the day. Believe in the fundamental dignity of all individuals and accord every person with equal respect Believe that poverty & the lack of opportunity breed the problems of the ghetto.

Gov’t corruption reform: ProblemsSolutions 1.) Political machines 2.) Utilities owned by private businesses, $$ 3.) People don’t vote for senators, little gov’t involvement 4.) Politicians do their own bidding, not the people’s 1.) Muckrakers exposed 1.) City gov’ts established, commissioned 2.) Gov’t owned so people pay fair price 3.) Election reform: direct primaries & 17 th amend 4.) Initiative, referendum and recall

The Progressive Era goals vs. achievements: 1. Improve city life 2. No more alcohol 3. End child labor 4. Improve laborer conditions 5. Stop gov’t corruption 6. Rights for women 7. Fair business competition 8. Political power for people 1. Jacob Riis, settlement houses th amendment 3. Lessened, laws 4. 8 hour work day, unions 5. Political machines taken down th amendment 7. Stanford Oil broken up 8. Initiative, recall, referendum, 17 th amend

Presidents thus far… 1-10? 11 – Polk 12 – Taylor 13 – Fillmore 14 – Pierce 15 – Buchanan 16 – Lincoln 17 – Johnson 18 – Grant 19 – Hayes 20 – Garfield 21 – Arthur 22 – Cleveland 23 – Harrison 24 – Cleveland 25 – McKinley 26 – Roosevelt

Photo analysis: write down what you can tell about this man just from these pictures.

Theodore Roosevelt What do you know? 43 as President (Rep & Prog.) JFK – 43, Obama – 47 Survived assassination 1912; 50 page speech “Ladies & Gentleman, I don’t know if you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.” Big stick diplomacy Graduate of Harvard

Political Career NY State Assembly President of NY City Board of Police Commissioners Asst. Sec of Navy Left to fight in the Spanish American War Calvary Unit called Rough Riders Gov. of NY Vice President for William McKinley

President Roosevelt President… but not meant to be… Progressive Reformer President! Square Deal Keep wealthy/powerful from taking advantage of poor masses (and small business owners) –“When I say I believe in the square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing”. Saw to creation of FDA.

TR the Trustbuster Helped workers in labor disputes – coal. Dept. of Commerce and Labor Monitor businesses engaged in interstate commerce. Keep capitalists from abusing power. Hepburn Act – gave ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) enforcement powers. Gov’t can set/limit shipping costs, set max prices for ferries/bridge tolls/oil pipelines. Good trusts vs. bad trusts. Big business is fine, as long as it’s legit.

TR the Conservationist Admired John Muir Yosemite and Redwood Forrest Conservation or Preservation? TR closed 100 million acres of forestland. Wanted to conserve and use. Protect trees so they can grow into good lumber. 1902, National Reclamation Act Fed gov’t decides where and how water should be distributed. Build dams, water mgmt projects to create lakes, etc.

Other interesting information Taxidermist 5 children African Safari Smithsonian Panama Canal Nobel Peace Prize Russo Japanese War First American Up in a plane Down in a sub Boy Scouts award: Chief Scout Citizen Americanization Skinny dipping?! Potomac River Hated “Teddy” 1. 4 minute video & 2. Crash Course (TR info stops at 6:50):