Body Wall and Cavity Abdominal Surface and underyling bones Muscular Wall and Hernias Peritoneum and Mesenteries Thorax Surface Ribs and Intercostal Muscles Breast

Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Pubic crest Inguinal ligament Costal margin Xiphoid process Bony Landmarks around Abdomen

Abdominal Wall from surface Rectus abdominus Linea alba Iliac crest

Muscles of abdominal wall Rectus abdominus-- vertical midline Three layers form tube External oblique (“hands-in-pocket”) Internal oblique (fibers perpendicular to external) Transverse abdominus (wraps around)

Muscles of abdominal wall--details Please see Fig , M&M for accurate labeling.

Abdominal muscular wall pressurizes abdomen When? Cough Sneeze Urinate Defecate Birth Lifting For article on abdominal muscles, role of different layers and use of lifting belts:

Inguinal hernia results because pressure finds weak spot at inguinal canal

Mesenteries, peritoneum--what is retroperitoneal? (back to basic body plan) [board drawing]

Peritoneal vs Retroperitoneal Laproscopic kidney donation with retroperitoneal access

THORAX SURFACE ANATOMY Student who cheated in anatomy lab: counted own ribs Males and Females have same number of ribs (no, Eve wasn’t formed from one of Adam’s)

BONES STERNUM manubrium xiphoid process RIBS

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES Function in posture, respiration “COSTAL” = ribs “intercostal” = between the ribs

The Breast Location Superior border: 2 nd rib Inferior border: 6 th rib Medial border: Sternum Lateral border: Midaxillary line Underlying muscle Pectoralis major and minor Part of serratus anterior, external obliques

Mammary Glands (within breast)

Lactiferous (modified sweat) Glands Breast made of lobes (each a compound alveolar gland) Lobes made of lobules called acini, alveoli Acini/Alveoli lined w/milk-secreting simple epithelial cells Lactiferous Ducts of lobes open at nipple Areola-ring of pigmented skin around nipple Sebaceous gland produce sebum during nursing Lobes separated by adipose tissue and suspended by connective tissue = Suspensory Ligaments of the Breasts

Mammary Glands Lactiferous (modified sweat) Glands Breast made of lobes (each a compound alveolar gland) Lobes made of lobules called acini, alveoli Acini/Alveoli lined w/milk-secreting simple epithelial cells Lactiferous Ducts of lobes open at nipple Areola-ring of pigmented skin around nipple Sebaceous gland produce sebum during nursing Lobes separated by adipose tissue and suspended by connective tissue = Suspensory Ligaments of the Breasts