Hyo Jae Shin

 Disruption in functioning of the mind  Conscious awareness becomes separated from previous thoughts and feelings  Mainly due to traumatic, stressful, overwhelming events

1. Dissociative Amnesia 2. Dissociative Fugue 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder 4. Depersonalization Disorder 5. Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

 inability to recall important personal information (history)  Depressive symptoms, anxiety, depersonalization, trance states, social impairment, self-mutilation, suicidal/aggressive impulses

 Diagnostic Criteria A. The predominant disturbance is one or more episodes of inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. B. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Fugue, PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder, or Somatization Disorder and is not due to the direct psychological effects of a substance or a neurological or other general medical condition C. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

 Age features: esp. difficult to assess in preadolescent children  Prevalence: increase in reported cases  identified/overdiagnosed?  Experience DA  possibility ↑

 Dissociative Amnesia with sudden flight from workplace or home, establish new identity  Depression, anxiety, grief, shame, guilt, suicidal/aggressive impulses, disruption in relationships

 Diagnostic Criteria A. The predominant disturbance is sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one’s customary place of work, with inability to recall one’s past. B. Confusion about personal identity or assumption of a new identity (partial or complete). C. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of Dissociative Identity Disorder and is not due to the direct psychological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. D. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

 Culture features: symptoms that meet diagnostic criteria  sudden onset of high level activity, trancelike state, fleeing etc.  Prevalence: general population (0.2%) Increase during extremely stressful events  Mostly adults, single cases (hours~months)

 Presence of more than two identities (alternate)  Most experienced severe physical/sexual abuse (childhood)  PTSD symptoms, PTSD, self-mutilation, suicidal/aggressive impulses, migraine

 Diagnostic Criteria A. The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self). B. At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior. C. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. D. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition

 Culture features: found in a variety of cultures  Age features: less distinctive in preadolescent children (particular care needed)  Gender features:  adult females - 3~9 times more  childhood – similar  female: 15+, male: 8

 Prevalence: sharp rise in reported cases  identified/overdiagnosed? Familial pattern – DID more common among people who have biological relatives with the disorder  Chronic and recurrent

 Recurrent episodes of depersonalization  Feelings of detachment or estrangement  Difficulty in describing their symptoms  Perceive alteration in size and shape, people seem unfamiliar and mechanical, anxiety, disturbance in sense of time

 Diagnostic Criteria A. Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached form, and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s mental processes or body. B. During the depersonalization experience, reality testing remains intact. C. The depersonalization causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. D. The depersonalization experience does not occur exclusively during the course of another mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, Panic Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, or another Dissociative Disorder, and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance.

 Culture features: meditative/trance practices  Gender features: female – 2 times more  Prevalence:  approx. ½ of adults have experienced brief episode – severe stress  life threatening situations – 1/3  40% hospitalized

 Disorders in which the predominant feature is a dissociative symptom that does not meet the criteria for an specific Dissociative Disorder.

 Adam Duritz  Depersonalization disorder  “I have a form of dissociative disorder that makes the world seem like it’s not real, as if things aren’t taking place. It’s hard to explain, but you feel untethered.“

 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (2009). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association  Davis, S. F., & Palladino, J. J. (2010). Psychology (6 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall  Myers, D. G. (2010). Psychology (6 th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers  VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA Dictionary of Psychology.Washington, DC: American Psychological Press