VOR and GPS Navigation.

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Presentation transcript:

VOR and GPS Navigation

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Stands for VHF Omni-Directional Range Provides magnetic bearing information to or from a station Comes in 3 types VOR VOR/DME VORTAC Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Navigational Aid only Provides only navigational information based on magnetic bearing Thus, aligned with magnetic north Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR/DME DME Co-located with the VOR Allows pilot to determine distance to the station if aircraft is equipped with a DME receiver Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VORTAC Military TACtical Air Navigation (TACAN) Co-located with the VOR Allows pilot to determine distance to the station if aircraft is equipped with a DME receiver Same concept as a VOR/DME Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Principles Ground station that projects straight line courses (radials) from the station in all directions From top view, imagine the spokes from the hub of a wheel Distance of the VOR radials depends on the power output of transmitter Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Principles All courses (or radials) from the station are in reference to magnetic north Therefore, radial is called “magnetic bearing” Radials are identified by numbers 001 to 360 degrees Compass rose on chart to help aid in interpretation Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Principles Transmits on a frequency band of 108.0 to 117.95 MHz VHF – Line of sight Range depends mainly on altitudes Generally, you can ensure reception within 40 to 45 miles of a VOR above 1000 feet AGL Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Classifications Classified by their operational use: Terminal (T) High Altitude (H) Low Altitude (L) Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Terminal VOR Altitude of 12,000 feet and below Distance of up to 25 miles from station Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Low Altitude VOR Altitude of 18,000 feet and below Distance of up to 40 miles from station Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. High Altitude VOR Reception distance varies based upon altitudes Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Using the VOR Tune the VOR Frequency into the VOR Receiver Ensure that VOR receiver is in VOR/Localizer mode (VLOC) Identify the station Press the volume button on the VOR Radio Ensure NAV is highlighted Listen for Morse code Navigate by selecting the proper bearing to or from the station Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Components of a VOR Receiver TO flag Course Deviation Indicator Omni-Bearing Selector NAV Flag Degrees off course Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. Compass Card © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Tracking Are you going TO or FROM the station? Two different radials If you enter the wrong one, you will “reverse sense” Bracket for wind and keep the CDI centered Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Bad Tracking Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Reverse Sensing Always use a bearing that corresponds relatively close to heading Why does it happen? VOR Receiver doesn’t know heading of aircraft It only senses your direction from station If you set to reciprocal your CDI will deflect in the opposite direction Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Cone of Confusion Flying over VOR station, receiver becomes confused on whether you are TO or FROM the station You may notice an OFF flag if directly overhead Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Cross Checking Position Using Triangulation Take to Radials from two known VORs Will make three known points Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

VOR Orientation Exercises Open Page 9-28 of your Jeppesen Book Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Receiver Checks Generally, VORs are pretty accurate (+/- 1 degree) Must check the accuracy of the receiver Do this every 30 days Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOR Receiver Checks No specific tolerances for VFR Flight (IFR Only) 3 ways to check accuracy: FAA VOR Test Facility (VOT) Certified Airborne Checkpoint Certified Ground Checkpoint If two receivers are installed in the aircraft, a dual receiver check can be done Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VOT Use CDI to center 180 or 360 Should say 180 degrees TO or 360 degrees FROM Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

VOR Ground/Air Checkpoint Follow the directions on the checkpoint description for the azimuth Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Dual Receiver Check Put both receivers on the same course Receivers should match one another Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Time and Distance from a Station Used to determine how far from a station with no DME Time in seconds between bearings Degrees of bearing change = Minutes to Station Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. HSI Improved VOR indicator that combines heading indicator with VOR Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. DME Always a separate facility, even if collocated with the VOR Signal code every 30 seconds says DME is working VOR Morse code repeats 3 to 4 times in 30 seconds Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. DME Operates based upon slant range distance More accurate if further away Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. GPS Navigation… Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Global Positioning System Satellite based navigation system Worldwide in scope Development still underway US D.O.D. Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Global Positioning System Not necessary to know the technical aspects of GPS operation to use in VFR navigation Does differ, however from the conventional ground-based electronic navigation Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Global Positioning System Uses specialized calculations, known as Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) to determine if a satellite is providing corrupted information RAIM needs a minimum of 5 satellites If RAIM Warning, GPS is not accurate Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. VFR Waypoints for GPS Normally starts with a VP… E.g. VPSMS can be input directly into the GPS receiver Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

GNS 430 Tips and Tricks

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.