Experimental tests of the SM (2): CP violation and the CKM matrix FK8022, Lecture 6 Core text: Status of the CKM Matrix and CP Violation, A. Stocchi

Lecture outline Standard Model flavour parameters C, P, CP reminders CP violation in the SM CP violation and the CKM matrix Unitarity triangle

Free parameters of the Standard Model Masses ParameterValueMethod mumu 1.9 MeVLattice mdmd 4.4 MeVLattice msms 87 MeVLattice mcmc 1.3 MeVCollider mbmb 4.24 MeVCollider mtmt 173 GeVCollider meme 511 keVNon-collider mm 106 MeVNon-collider mm 1.78 GeVCollider mzmz 91.2 GeVCollider mHmH 125 GeVCollider Couplings ParameterValueMethod  non-collider + collider GFGF 1.17x10 -5 Non-collider ss 0.12Lattice + collider ParameterValueMethod    (CKM) 13.1 o Collider    (CKM) 2.4 o Collider    (CKM) 0.2 o Collider  (CKM-CPV) 0.995Collider  (strong CP) ~0Non-collider Flavour and CP violation

This lecture: Flavour physics, CP -violation and CKM matrix measurements from colliders. ParameterValueMethod    (CKM) 13.1 o Collider    (CKM) 2.4 o Collider    (CKM) 0.2 o Collider  (CKM-CPV) 0.995Collider Flavour and CP violation Parameters of the SM Flavour physics: weak charged current interactions involving hadron decays.

Very very brief reminder (1): parity LH RH v Parity QuantityEvenOdd Time Mass Energy Angular momentum Position Velocity Force Helicity

Very very brief Reminder (2): charge conjugation (C) and CP

Mechanism for CP violation in SM X f 1

CP violation in the SM

Different ways to violate CP

Direct CP violation 12

Direct CP -violation in B-sector

CP -violation in mixing

CP violation between mixing+decay

Observations of CP violation ProcessType of CP violation 1Mixing 2Direct 3Interference of mixing and decay Direct 11Direct 12Direct

CKM matrix

Unitarity constraint

Freedoms in the quark fields

Check with Cabibbo theory

CKM matrix - 1

CKM matrix-2

Revisiting CP violation Hadron typeNaive CPV prospects TopTop hadrons don’t exist!! Bottom CharmNo promising tree-level decays. D-mesons decay quickly (    s) with many decay possibilities Strange No promising tree-level decays. Long lifetime (    s), promising with CPV loops/oscillations. Size ~0.1%.

CP violation timeline > 2010 LHC-B: CPV in B s decays Kaon Experiments B-hadron experiments Series of dedicated small and not so-small experiments on K’s and B’s to study CPV.

Determination of non-CPV CKM parameters

Unitarity triangle CP violation

In an ideal world CP violation

In the real world – experiments measure contours

Why the large errors ? We want to test the EW sector of the SM and extract CKM parameters. But we observe the electroweak+strong stuff. The strong stuff is poorly understood. Use models to separate the contributions. Large uncertainties. Large widths for some contours.

ObservableFit result A 0.823[ ] l [ ] [ ] [ ] State of the art unitarity triangle

Why flavour is important for searches Excluded Allowed SM

Summary CP violation in the Standard Model is an interference effect CKM matrix governs all quark mixing + CP violation with four parameters Many, many measurements of hadron decay. The CKM matrix consistently describes them all.