Fig. 53-1

Fig APPLICATION Hector’s dolphins

Fig Births Births and immigration add individuals to a population. Immigration Deaths and emigration remove individuals from a population. Deaths Emigration

Fig (a) Clumped (b) Uniform (c) Random

Fig. 53-4a (a) Clumped

Fig. 53-4b (b) Uniform

Fig. 53-4c (c) Random

Table 53-1

Fig Age (years) , Number of survivors (log scale) Males Females

Fig , II III Percentage of maximum life span Number of survivors (log scale) I

Table 53-2

Fig. 53-7

Fig Male Female 100 RESULTS Reduced brood size Normal brood size Enlarged brood size Parents surviving the following winter (%)

Fig (a) Dandelion (b) Coconut palm

Fig. 53-9a (a) Dandelion

Fig. 53-9b (b) Coconut palm

Fig Number of generations ,000 1,500 2, N = dN dt 0.5N = dN dt Population size (N)

Fig ,000 6,000 4,000 2, Year Elephant population 1900

Table 53-3

Fig ,000 1,500 1, Number of generations Population size (N) Exponential growth 1.0N = dN dt 1.0N = dN dt K = 1,500 Logistic growth 1,500 – N 1,500

Fig , Time (days) Number of Paramecium/mL Number of Daphnia/50 mL Time (days) (b) A Daphnia population in the lab(a) A Paramecium population in the lab

Fig a 1, Time (days) Number of Paramecium/mL (a) A Paramecium population in the lab

Fig b Number of Daphnia/50 mL Time (days) (b) A Daphnia population in the lab

Fig

Fig (a) Both birth rate and death rate vary. Population density Density-dependent birth rate Equilibrium density Density- dependent death rate Birth or death rate per capita (b) Birth rate varies; death rate is constant. Population density Density-dependent birth rate Equilibrium density Density- independent death rate (c) Death rate varies; birth rate is constant. Population density Density-dependent death rate Equilibrium density Density- independent birth rate Birth or death rate per capita

Fig Population size Percentage of juveniles producing lambs

Fig (a) Cheetah marking its territory (b) Gannets

Fig a (a) Cheetah marking its territory

Fig b (b) Gannets

Fig ,100 1,900 1,700 1,500 1,300 1, Year Number of sheep

Fig WolvesMoose 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Number of moose 0 Number of wolves Year

Fig Snowshoe hare Lynx Number of lynx (thousands) Number of hares (thousands) Year

Fig a

Fig b Snowshoe hare Lynx Number of lynx (thousands) Number of hares (thousands) Year

Fig Aland Islands EUROPE Occupied patch Unoccupied patch 5 km ˚

Fig B.C.E B.C.E B.C.E B.C.E B.C.E C.E C.E The Plague Human population (billions) 7

Fig Projected data Annual percent increase Year

Fig Year 1850 SwedenMexico Birth rate Death rate Birth or death rate per 1,000 people

Fig Rapid growth Afghanistan MaleFemaleAge MaleFemale Slow growth United States MaleFemale No growth Italy –84 75–79 70–74 60–64 65–69 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 0–4 5–9 10– –84 75–79 70–74 60–64 65–69 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 0–4 5–9 10– Percent of population

Fig Less indus- trialized countries Indus- trialized countries Life expectancy (years) Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 births) Less indus- trialized countries Indus- trialized countries 60

Fig Log (g carbon/year) Not analyzed

Fig. 53-UN1 Patterns of dispersion ClumpedUniformRandom

Fig. 53-UN2 Number of generations Population size (N) r max N dN dt =

Fig. 53-UN3 Number of generations K = carrying capacity Population size (N) r max N dN dt = K – N K

Fig. 53-UN4

Fig. 53-UN5