US History Exploration and Colonization Overview

Pequot War First Serious armed conflict between the Native Americans settlers of New England. Numerous previous conflicts over property, damage to Indian fields, hunting and dishonest trade dealings. The Pequot were outgunned, a smallpox epidemic had also weakened the tribe. 1637, the Pequot leader Sassacus is captured, main village destroyed and the Pequot were finished.

The Causes of European Exploration In search of a route to India. Bad conditions in Europe: – Lack of central government – Famine – Foreign invaders – Disease (Bubonic Plague)

Rise of England as an Exploration power The English defeated the Spanish armada, which was the strongest military in the world. England had extremely strong push/pull factor Some of the English were in search of religious tolerance, populating the majority of the New England colonies.

Main differences of the Spanish, French and English Colonies EnglishFrenchSpanish Goal Gain power from land Find the Northwest Passage God, Gold, and Glory Relationship with Indians Peaceful until expansion Good trade and cross married Slavery and social status Result U.S.A.A lot of French influence in Canada (language) Latin America, influence in Central and South America.

Main Characteristics of the New England, Middle and Southern Colonies New England colonies: non tolerant and strict. Highly religious. Relied on fishing and shipbuilding. Middle Colonies: breadbasket and trade with other countries. Most tolerant racially and religiously (Pennsylvania and Maryland) Southern Colonies: in it for the money. Agricultural. Contained the most slaves.

Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon led a group of settlers from Potomac Valley against both peaceful and hostile Native Americans and later attacked the town of Jamestown. The cause of Bacon’s rebellion was that because they lived on the interior, they were more susceptible to Native American attacks and transporting goods costs more.

Headright System The headright system was a lure of more colonists by offering free land taken from Native Americans. Virginia began to expand. It was used to help expand the colonies.

King Philip’s War War between the Puritans of the New England colonies and Wampanoag tribe from Over 600 colonists and 3,000 Native Americans died. Led to the extinction of the Wampanoag tribe. The Native Americans lost and Metacom’s, known as King Philip to the colonists, head was put on display in Plymouth for years to come

House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses was created in 1619, it was the first representative government of the colonies. The House of Burgesses was built in Virginia. Only male landowners over the age of 17 were allowed to vote.

Joint Stock Company A Joint Stock Company is a company whose owners hold shares in its stock. It was first introduced by Raleigh and used for the settlement of Jamestown. Creation of Joint Stock Companies, such as the Virginia Company, spreads opportunities for dangerous exploration and colonization.

Mercantilism Mercantilism is the use of colonies as markets where the mother country benefits most from the resources. Colonies produce resources that the mother country then turns into manufactured products to sell back.

Navigation Acts Only English ships trade with English colonies. Enumerated articles shipped only to England. All colonies have to import all European goods via an English Port Opened the door for smugglers such as John Hancock

Triangular Trade The flow of goods between the New World, England, and Africa. Slaves to work on large plantations came from Africa. Natural resources such as lumber, food products, and tobacco are sent from the New World to England. Tea, rum, and other manufactured goods are some imports that were traded from England to the New World.

Salutary Neglect Salutary Neglect was local self rule in exchange for colonial cooperation. Salutary Neglect led to the colonies growing more independent. Led to the American revolution

Great Awakening The Great Awakening was a religious revival. Led by evangelical Protestant Ministers, who created a huge interest in religion. Gave people a sense of conviction and redemption.

Puritans and Separatists Both Puritans and Separatists lived in the New England Colonies. The Puritans wanted to change the English Church and the Separatists thought that it was too similar to the Catholic Church.

Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of the colonies. It was written by the Pilgrims to ensure stability amongst the settlement. Signed on November 11, 1620.