REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR JANUARY EXAM ANSWER KEY

Question 1 1. Inuit = north 2. Algonquian = central 3. Iroquois = south

Question 1 - RECAP - Iroquois I.S.L.A.M.S. I= Iroquois S=Sedentary L=Long house A=Agriculture M=Matriarchy S=Saint-Lawrence Lowlands The Iroquois were farmers because they lived in the Saint-Lawrence Lowlands where the soil is fertile, the growing season is long, and there are many lakes and rivers.

Question 1 - RECAP - Algonquian P.A.W.N.S. P=Patriarchy A=Algonquian W=Wigwam N=Nomadic S=Shield (Canadian Shield) The Algonquian were hunters because the land in the Canadian Shield was not fertile & rocky, and the climate is cold, which made farming impossible. Therefore, they followed the migrations of animals to hunt in order to survive.

Question 1 - RECAP - Inuit i.P.A.I.N. i=Inuit P=Patriarchy A=Arctic I=Igloo N=Nomadic The Inuit lived in a very harsh territory where the weather is very cold, and the land is covered in ice and snow for most of the year. The soil is pretty much frozen all year round. It is impossible to farm in the Arctic. Therefore, the Inuit were nomadic hunters & fisherman. The lived mainly off the sea hunting seals & whales.

Question 2 a)Subsistence means everything you need to do in order to survive: provide food, shelter and clothing. b)Natives practice a subsistent lifestyle because they use their natural world to provide all of their needs. They don’t depend on others.

Question 3 All native groups had the following things in common: - spirituality - they used their environment to survive (for subsistence) Ex: fur clothing, materials for homes etc… - respect for the environment

Question 4 How did the Natives & Europeans interact? (economically) Fur Trade Natives traded beaver pelts in return for guns, metal objects, etc…

Question 4 How did each group benefit from one another? The Natives helped the French survive in their new environment, provided military support & provided them with beaver pelts. The Europeans introduced the natives to items that made their lives easier (guns, knives, metal pots and pans etc…), and provided them with military support in times of war.

Question 4 What negative impacts did the Europeans have on the Natives? -decrease in Native population due to warfare and diseases (smallpox) -loss of culture due to evangelization

Question 5 FISH FUR TIMBER FERTILE SOIL

Question 6 a) – John Cabot 1497 He reached the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland. He did not set up a colony, but discovered an important resource : Cod.

Question 6 b) – Jacques Cartier He undertook 3 voyages to Canada: 1534, 1535, He named the territory “Canada”, which means “village” in the Iroquoian Language. Claimed land in the name of the King of France (Gaspe Peninsula) Explored and mapped out the St. Lawrence River all the way to Hochelaga and Stadacona.

Question 6 c) – Samuel de Champlain 1608 – L’Habitation in Quebec City “Father of New France” Explored further into the interior for sources of fur.

Question 7 a) Seigneurial System b) A system of land division, put in place to encourage the settlement of New France.

Question 7 – extra info… Seigneur: Owned the seigneury Rented out plots of land to the censitaire Had to provide a mill Set aside land for the church Censitaire: Had to pay rent to the seigneur Had to perform corvée (3-4 days of free labour a year) Had to give part of their harvest to the seigneur

Question 8 Jean Talon: -attempted to diversify the economy of New France (breweries, tanneries, shipyards & craft industry) -attempted to improve agriculture (new seeds & livestock) -Les Filles du Roy (increased natural growth, thus the population) -Engages (to learn a trade) -Soldiers (to protect colonists from native attacks)

Question 9 Role of the church: Evangelization Set up missions (like Ville Marie) Lived among the natives & learned their language) In charge of education & healthcare in the colony

Question 10 The chartered companies were companies who came to New France to take part in the Fur Trade. The King granted them a monopoly on the fur trade. In exchange they had to settle (bring settlers) to New France. (They failed.) From the chartered companies administered the colony. COMPANY OF ONE HUNDRED ASSOCIATES

Question 11 Seven Year’s War: Between France & Great Britain Fought over control of the fisheries & the fur trade in New France (particularly the Ohio River Valley)

Question 12 After the 7 Year’s War, the territory known as New France became ruled by the British. New France lost almost all of their territory in North America (they kept two small islands for fishing).

Question 13 – Colonial Policies: France wanted to control Europe. Britain wanted to control colonies around the world.

Question 13 - Resources

Question 13 – The Outcome of the War