10/16 Objective: What are the properties of carbohydrates? * Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life Do Now: What is a small molecular unit called? A chain of.

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10/16 Objective: What are the properties of carbohydrates? * Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life Do Now: What is a small molecular unit called? A chain of repeating units?

Carbohydrates carbohydrate: organic compound made up of sugar molecules Sugars contain C,H,O

Type of Sugar: Monosaccharides monosaccharide: simple sugar that contains just one sugar unit –Glucose, fructose Ex: glucose: –Used to make energy in cells

Type of Sugar: Disaccharides disaccharide: “double sugar”; two monosaccharides combined by dehydration synthesis Ex: sucrose: most common; made of glucose and fructose –Ex: Table sugar Ex: Lactose (glucose + galactose)

Polysaccharides polysaccharide: long polymer chains made up of simple sugar molecules –Complex carbohydrates (starch)

Examples of Polysaccharides starch: found in plant cells and consists entirely of glucose monomers

Examples of Polysaccharides glycogen: found in animals that act as a storage for excess sugar –Chain of many glucose monomers –In humans, most glycogen is stored in liver and muscle cells and break down when the body needs energy

Cellulose cellulose: protect plant cells and stiffens plant –Many glucose monomers –AKA: FIBER