District Common Assessment Review

Appositive Phrases are a group of words that follow a noun or pronoun that is often the subject of a sentence restates the noun or pronoun gives more precise information about the noun or pronoun it follows

Examples: What are the appositive phrases in each example? What noun/pronoun are they restating? ★A short, round boy of seven, he took little interest in troublesome things, preferring to remain on good terms with everyone. (Mildred D. Taylor, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry) ★Hour after hour he stood there, silent, motionless, a shadow carved in ebony and moonlight. (James V. Marshall, Walkabout)

Adjective Clauses Can also be called an adjectival or relative clause-will meet three requirements. 1. it will contain a subject and verb 2. it will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, or which) or a relative adverb (when, where, or why) 3. it will function as an adjective, answering the questions what kind? How many? or which one?

Examples: Write the adjective clauses for the following sentences. Circle the relative pronoun. ★This astronomer, who died in 1543, changed our view of the universe. ★An important astronomer who followed was Johannes Kepler. ★The discoveries that Kepler made also added knowledge to the field of astronomy. ★His scheme, which explained planetary motion, is famous. ★Kepler made laws, whose ideas influenced Sir Isaac Newton.

Adverb Clauses Show relationships such as time, cause and effect, contrast, and condition. MUST have a subordinating conjunction (AAAWWUBBIS word) at the beginning

Examples: Write the adverb clauses from the sentences below. Circle the subordinating conjunction. 1. I will feel grateful if you will work with me on this project. 2. Although the detective had investigated the case for a year, he had found no other evidence. 3. I think of you whenever I hear that song. 4. As the sun sets over Honolulu, our plane departs for home. 5. When you’re smiling, the whole world smiles with you.

Parallel Structure: Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS).

Examples: The examples below are NOT in parallel structure. What is needed to make them parallel? ★Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. ★The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner. ★The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low. ★The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game.

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