University of Utah 1 Altair 8800 How to make it usable? -Peripherals -Programming language.

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Presentation transcript:

University of Utah 1 Altair 8800 How to make it usable? -Peripherals -Programming language

University of Utah 2 Altair 8800 How to make it usable? -Peripherals -Programming language -Disk storage and OS

University of Utah 3 DOS ?? Not MS-DOS (yet) Mainframe DOS vs microcomputer DOS -multi-user vs single-user -multi-tasking vs single-tasking -roomful of peripherals vs few peripherals

University of Utah 4 CP/M “Control Program for Micros” De facto OS for microcomputers in late 1970s / early 1980s

University of Utah 5 CP/M “Control Program for Micros” De facto OS for microcomputers in late 1970s / early 1980s But where did it come from?

University of Utah 6 Contractor for Intel PL/I cross compiler for 8080 chip -PL/M Gary Kildall

University of Utah 7 Developed simple disk controller as a side- project (CP/M) Intel didn’t want it... Gary Kildall

University of Utah 8 Digital Research Founded by Gary Kildall and wife Dorothy McEwen (1976) -originally “Intergalactic Digital Research” CP/M as main product -< $100

University of Utah 9 Porting blues Many 8080-based systems out there CP/M had to be ported to each! -A hassle Along comes IMSAI (1977)

University of Utah Porting blues Refactored CP/M -larger part was cross-platform -smaller part was platform-specific Now only small part had to be rewritten for each new platform!

University of Utah Porting blues Refactored CP/M -larger part was cross-platform -smaller part was platform-specific Now only small part had to be rewritten for each new platform! BIOS -“Basic Input / Output System”

University of Utah IMSAI 8080 “Clone” of Altair

University of Utah IMSAI 8080 The WarGames computer!

University of Utah CP/M Demo

University of Utah Meanwhile... Microcomputer revolution takes place in mid-1970s What were the “big” computer companies doing?

University of Utah DEC Big and faster VAX-11 (1977) -follow-up to PDP-11

University of Utah VAX Technical specifications -32-bit address space -virtual memory -16 general purpose registers -million instructions per second

University of Utah VAX Classic “CISC” architecture -250 instructions -Try to do as much as possible in hardware! example: POLY instruction

University of Utah VAX Plural: “vaxen” $120,000 Approx. 100,000 sold in 1970’s ’s

University of Utah VAX Operating Systems -VMS -UNIX Internet nodes

University of Utah VAX Operating Systems -VMS -UNIX Internet nodes Software outlives hardware!

University of Utah VT-100 Terminal for VAX machines (1978) 80x24 text display ASCII

University of Utah IBM What was IBM doing in 1970’s? -continuing System/370 line -minicomputers (System/38) -experimental “personal” computers

University of Utah IBM What was IBM doing in 1970’s? -continuing System/370 line -minicomputers (System/38) -experimental “personal” computers -Oh, and hiring lawyers...! U.S. vs. IBM ( )

University of Utah DEC and IBM Missed the microcomputer bandwagon DEC -sells architecture, not computers -“corporate jewels” IBM -distracted by other concerns

University of Utah Reminder Midterm on Friday! One sheet of notes

University of Utah “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)