UNIT 4 Chapter 17 – European Renaissance & Reformation THE RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

CHAPTER 17: European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300–1600 Two movements, the Renaissance and the Reformation, usher in dramatic social and cultural changes in Europe. SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance The Northern Renaissance Luther Leads the Reformation The Reformation Continues

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the conditions in Europe that brought upon the Renaissance and the Reformation. Objective 4.1: Identify the rise of the Renaissance in Italy and the values it prized. Objective 4.2 : Describe the artistic breakthroughs and achievements of Renaissance artists and writers. THEME: Two movements, the Renaissance and the Reformation, usher in dramatic social and cultural changes in Europe. THEME: Two movements, the Renaissance and the Reformation, usher in dramatic social and cultural changes in Europe.

CHAPTER 17 SECTION 1 ITALY: BIRTHPLACE OF THE RENAISSANCE The Italian Renaissance is a rebirth of learning that produces many great works of art and literature

RENAISSANCE CAUSES  The Renaissance Renaissance — an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought from Renaissance — an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought from Started in northern Italy Started in northern Italy  Advantage #1 City-States Crusades spur trade & growth of city-states in northern Italy Crusades spur trade & growth of city-states in northern Italy In 1300s bubonic plague killed 60% of population, disrupts economy In 1300s bubonic plague killed 60% of population, disrupts economy Less laborers could demand higher wages Less laborers could demand higher wages

CONTINUED … Advantage #2 The Merchant Class Advantage #2 The Merchant Class A wealthy merchant class develops (the Medici’s!) A wealthy merchant class develops (the Medici’s!) In small towns merchants dominated politics In small towns merchants dominated politics More emphasis on individual achievement – not inherited More emphasis on individual achievement – not inherited Advantage #3 Greco-Roman Scholarship Advantage #3 Greco-Roman Scholarship Artists, scholars study Latin, Greek manuscripts Artists, scholars study Latin, Greek manuscripts Scholars move to Rome after fall of Constantinople in 1453 Scholars move to Rome after fall of Constantinople in 1453 Interest in human achievements leads to Humanists studying history, literature, philosophy Interest in human achievements leads to Humanists studying history, literature, philosophy

SECULAR ARTS  A Different Society Renaissance society was secular — worldly; non- religious Renaissance society was secular — worldly; non- religious Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes  Patrons of the Arts Patron — a financial supporter of artists Patron — a financial supporter of artists Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities Wealthy merchants became patrons Wealthy merchants became patrons

RENAISSANCE MAN  The Renaissance Man Excels in many fields: the classics, art, politics, combat Excels in many fields: the classics, art, politics, combat Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier (1528) Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier (1528) The book teaches how to become a “universal” person The book teaches how to become a “universal” person  The Renaissance Woman Upper-class, educated in classics, charming Upper-class, educated in classics, charming Expected to inspire art but not create it Expected to inspire art but not create it

ART  Artistic Styles Change Artists use realistic style copied from classical art, often to portray religious subjects Artists use realistic style copied from classical art, often to portray religious subjects Realistic portraits of prominent citizens Realistic portraits of prominent citizens Sculpture shows natural postures and expressions Sculpture shows natural postures and expressions Painters use perspective — a way to show three dimensions on a canvas Painters use perspective — a way to show three dimensions on a canvas  Realistic Painting and Sculpture

MODERN PERSPECTIVE

FAMOUS ARTISTS  Leonardo, Renaissance Man Leonardo da Vinci—painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist Leonardo da Vinci—painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist Paints some of the best-known portraits in the world: the Mona Lisa & The Last Supper Paints some of the best-known portraits in the world: the Mona Lisa & The Last Supper  Raphael Advances Realism Raphael Sanzio, famous for his use of perspective Raphael Sanzio, famous for his use of perspective Favorite subject: the Madonna and child → Favorite subject: the Madonna and child → Famous painting: School of Athens Famous painting: School of Athens

WHO PAINTED WHAT? RAPHAEL DA VINCI

MAIN POINTS! #1 - The Renaissance is a return of learning in Europe Lasted from 1300–1600 Lasted from 1300–1600 #2 - Starts in Italy for 3 reasons: Small City-States, Wealthy Merchant Power, Greco-Roman Literature #3 - Writing, Art focus on realism/individual

What value does this Reflect? The School of Athens by Raphael HUMANISM

THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE— Assessment For what is the Medici family famous? A. A.For being the greatest military leaders of the era B. B.For being writers C. C.For being religious reformers D. D.For being rulers and supporters of the arts Which of the following was NOT one of Italy’s advantages that led to the beginning of the Renaissance in that region? A. A.Smaller city-states that encouraged exchange of ideas B. B.Most of the gold in Europe was stored in Italian capitals C. C.A wealthy merchant class developed with abundant jobs D. D.The recovery and study of Greek and Roman manuscripts

THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE— Assessment For what is the Medici family famous? A. A.For being the greatest military leaders of the era B. B.For being writers C. C.For being religious reformers D. D.For being rulers and supporters of the arts Which of the following was NOT one of Italy’s advantages that led to the beginning of the Renaissance in that region? A. A.Smaller city-states that encouraged exchange of ideas B. B.Most of the gold in Europe was stored in Italian capitals C. C.A wealthy merchant class developed with abundant jobs D. D.The recovery and study of Greek and Roman manuscripts