English for Academic Purposes Dr. Muslim Suardi, MSi., Apt. Faculty of Pharmacy University of Andalas Paraphrase

Reporting - Paraphrase, Summary & Synthesis Important aspects of academic writing is making use of the ideas of other people. Important aspects of academic writing is making use of the ideas of other people. This is important as you need to show that you have understood the materials and that you can use their ideas & findings in your own way. In fact, this is an essential skill for every student. This is important as you need to show that you have understood the materials and that you can use their ideas & findings in your own way. In fact, this is an essential skill for every student. The most important skill a student can engage in is "the complex activity to write from other texts", which is "a major part of their academic experience." The most important skill a student can engage in is "the complex activity to write from other texts", which is "a major part of their academic experience." Make sure you use your own words, unless you are quoting. You must make it clear when the words or ideas that you are using are your own & when they are taken from another writer. Make sure you use your own words, unless you are quoting. You must make it clear when the words or ideas that you are using are your own & when they are taken from another writer. Do not use another person's words or ideas as if they were your own: this is Plagiarism. Do not use another person's words or ideas as if they were your own: this is Plagiarism.Plagiarism Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious offence. Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious offence.

Reporting - Paraphrase, Summary & Synthesis Plagiarism is taking another person's words or ideas & using them as if they were your own. It can be either deliberate or accidental. Plagiarism is taking another person's words or ideas & using them as if they were your own. It can be either deliberate or accidental. If even a small section of your work is found to have been plagiarised, it is likely that you will be assigned a mark of '0' for that assignment. If even a small section of your work is found to have been plagiarised, it is likely that you will be assigned a mark of '0' for that assignment. The object of academic writing is for you to say something for yourself using the ideas of the subject, for you to present ideas you have learned in your own way. You can do this by reporting the works of others in your own words. You can either paraphrase if you want to keep the length the same, summarise if you want to make the text shorter or synthesise if you need to use information from several sources. The object of academic writing is for you to say something for yourself using the ideas of the subject, for you to present ideas you have learned in your own way. You can do this by reporting the works of others in your own words. You can either paraphrase if you want to keep the length the same, summarise if you want to make the text shorter or synthesise if you need to use information from several sources. In all cases you need to acknowledge other people's work In all cases you need to acknowledge other people's workacknowledge.

Paraphrase Paraphrasing is depicting the ideas of another person in your own words. You need to change the words & the structure but no changing in meaning. Important! Please even you paraphrase another person's work, you must appreciate it. See Citation. Paraphrasing is depicting the ideas of another person in your own words. You need to change the words & the structure but no changing in meaning. Important! Please even you paraphrase another person's work, you must appreciate it. See Citation.Citation. Critism this example: Source It has long been known that Cairo is the most populous city on earth, but no-one knew exactly how populous it was until last month. It has long been known that Cairo is the most populous city on earth, but no-one knew exactly how populous it was until last month.Paraphrase Although Cairo has been the world's most heavily populated city for many years, the precise population was not known until four weeks ago. Although Cairo has been the world's most heavily populated city for many years, the precise population was not known until four weeks ago.

Summary A summary is a shortened version of a text. It contains the main points in the text & is written in your own words. It is a mixture of reducing a long text to a short text & selecting relevant information. A summary is a shortened version of a text. It contains the main points in the text & is written in your own words. It is a mixture of reducing a long text to a short text & selecting relevant information. A smart summary depicts that you have understood the text. Remember! You summarise someone's work, you must acknowledge it. See Citation. A smart summary depicts that you have understood the text. Remember! You summarise someone's work, you must acknowledge it. See Citation.Citation.

Example Source The amphibia, which is the animal class to which our frogs and toads belong, were the first animals to crawl from the sea and inhabit the earth. Summary The first animals to leave the sea and live on dry land were the amphibia.

Exercises The abstract appears at the beginning. The abstract appears at the beginning. The abstract is the first section of the report. The abstract is the first section of the report.