Chapter 5 MJS Lecture The Sacrament of the Eucharist

Source & Summit

Eucharist Consecrated species of wheat bread and grape wine! To give thanks – “Thanksgiving” – Greek Noun (a thing) ALSO Verb (an action) – You are sent forth from Eucharist to live as a person who has just received the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ!

HOW ARE YOU EUCHARIST FOR OTHERS? Taking into our very bodies means that we become what we receive!

St. Francis of Assisi “Preach the Gospel at all times and if necessary use words.”

How are you … The HANDS and FEET of Christ in the world? Spreading the Good News of the Jesus Christ and the Love of God to others?

The OT Connection 1.Gift Offerings 1.Fruit, crop or animal; completely destroyed as an act of Thanks to God 2.Shared Peace Offerings 1.Part of the food was sacrificed to God the people ate the other part The sharing represented the people’s desire for union with God. 3.Atonement Offerings 1.Asking for the forgiveness of sins committed unwittingly 4.Covenant Offerings 1.The burnt offerings and the pouring of sacrificial blood of animals sealed the solemn agreement between God and his people.

Mass of the Catechumens The first part of the Mass that was attended by catechumens along with baptized Christians. The prayers, Scripture readings, and homily were meant to be a form of instruction for the catechumens. Today this part of the Mass is called the Liturgy of the Word.

At First … An actual meal with the Bread and Wine being Broken and Shared in accordance with the Last Supper 70 (Temple in Jerusalem is destroyed) the morning Scripture lessons were transferred to the meal time. By the year 150 the fellowship meal was shared only occasionally By the beginning of the 3 rd century the meal was dropped all together

Some Background (not found in the text book) Emperor Constantine Roman Empire From the Crucifixion to the Resurrection – Christianity was illegal within the RE Constantine’s Dream Edict of Milan 312 This document is what made the practice of Christianity legal within the RE Eventually Christianity would become the ONLY accepted religion within the RE.

Quiz #1 Ch. 5 MJS 1.In what year was the Temple in Jerusalem destroyed for the last time? 2.The Mass of the Catechumens is now called what? 3.What is the title of Ch. 5 MJS? 4.Eucharist wafers must be made from what grain? 5.In what year was the Edict of Milan issued? EC: What is an army “standard”?

The 4 th Century “Mass” Apostolic Tradition 1.Readings from the Apostles (eventually became the Bible/Gospels) 2.Homily (explanation of the readings) 3.Dismissal of catechumens 4.Gifts of bread & wine (Thanksgiving prayers over these gifts 5.Breaking of the Bread 1.Reception of the Body and Blood of Christ

EASTERN RITE & WESTERN RITE Eventually different “Rites” of Eucharist/Mass were developed.

The Council of Trent ( ) Established 1 Uniform way for the Celebration of Mass in the Western World (Rome as the center) The Tridentine Mass –The standard for the Church until Vatican II –Said in Latin (everywhere in the world)

Structure of the Tridentine Mass This Mass was in Latin and was the standard for the Church until the Second Vatican Council

Prayers at the Foot of the Altar –Sign of the Cross –Psalm 42 –Confiteor Prayers at the Altar –Introit –Opening Prayers –Lord Have Mercy –Gloria –Collect Scripture Readings –Epistle Reading –Prayer response –Alleluia –Gospel –Homily Profession of Faith –Nicene Creed Offertory –Preparation of the wine and bread –Washing of priest’s hands –Secret The Canon –Preface –Sanctus –Prayers for living & Universal Church –Words of Institution –Prayers for the dead –Amen Communion Rite –Our Father –Lamb of God –Communion of the priest –Communion of the people –Post-Communion prayer Closing Rite –Dismissal –Final Blessing –Reading from John. 1:1-14

1570 –Pius V Missal printed & used throughout the Roman Catholic World In Latin Forbidden to be translated into other languages 1897 –Translations of the Pius V Missal were allowed For prayer and study 1903 –Pope Pius X encouraged more participation in Mass through singing and receiving Communion more frequently

Vatican II ( ) Sacrosanctum Concilium First document released by the Council Reformed the Church’s Liturgy and allowed Mass to be celebrated in the vernacular. Quote “all the faithful should be led to take full, conscious, and active part in liturgical celebrations” (SC, 14)

3 rd Edition of the Roman Missal (In English)  The Missal is the written document that contains all of the prayers and responses for Mass in the Roman Catholic Church.  Approved by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on March 26, 2010  Implemented in 2011

“One single act of worship” (CCC) Introductory Rites –How the Mass begins –Entrance Song –Priest greets the community –Penitential Rite (or Sprinkling Rite) –Confiteor –The Opening Prayer Liturgy of the Word –Readings –Homily –General Intercessions Liturgy of the Eucharist Presentation of the Bread and Wine Eucharistic Prayer Consecration Words of Institution Doxology Great Amen Communion Rite Fraction Rite Reception of Communion

The graces of Eucharist Unity with Christ Separation from Sin Becoming Church