Chapter 13 Reconstruction

Vocabulary 1. Freedman th amendment 3. Freedman’s Bureau 4. Sharecropping 5. Black codes th amendment

Vocabulary-continued 7. Military Reconstruction Acts 8. Carpetbaggers 9. Scalawags 10. Union League 11. Ku Klux Klan th Amendment 13. Redeemers

EQ: Who ruled the South after the Civil War?  The Union army Conditions were deplorable  This is when reconstruction, or rebuilding, began  Southern states began rejoining the Union

Presidential Reconstruction  Lincoln He believed Southern states should be admitted with some moderate concessions  10% of the people of each state had to be loyal to the Union  The state had to outlaw slavery

Andrew Johnson  Lincoln is assassinated before his plan can be completed  Andrew Johnson is made president with more extreme plans of reconstruction Former Confederate officers and wealthy landowners could NOT vote Reconciling states had to ratify the 13 th Amendment

Radical Republicans  They thought that more needed to be done Punish the Confederates Wade-Davis Bill  Provided military leaders to govern Confederate states until they fulfilled actions and were allowed to return to the Union  Congress passed it, Lincoln vetoed it  Congress impeached (formally accused) Johnson after he tried to fire a Radical Republican  Impeachment was acquitted (overturned), but much of his power was taken away

Congressional Reconstruction  After Johnson’s power was depleted, Congress created Freedmen’s Bureau  Helped previously enslaved people  Provided food, clothing, built schools  Helped white landowners create contracts to pay black laborers Passed 14 th Amendment  Defined US citizenship, included newly freed slaves 15 th Amendment  Gave right to vote to those of any race, color, previous servitude, 21 and over (but not to women)

African Americans in GA  Jefferson Franklin Long US House of Representatives  Tunis Campbell US Senator  Eventually voted out of office, harassed and jailed by white voters in GA  Henry McNeal Turner Black state legislator

Mistreatment  Black Codes Laws passed used to control African Americans Not allowed to serve as jurors Could not testify against white people in court Limited voting rights, despite 15 th Amendment  Ku Klux Klan Terrorist group that targeted African Americans and those that helped them  Segregation Public facilities remained separated for the races

Sharecropping  Farming still main source of income in the south after the Civil War  Some slaves remained to work the fields as freedmen  They would pay the landowner (LO) to plant crops on the LO land, then pay him a share of the profit  Usually no money left after debts paid

Tenant Farming  Landowners would rent small plots of land to farm  Usually no money left to buy seeds or equipment to plant crops

Georgia Readmitted to the Union  GA ratified the 15 th Amendment  GA readmitted to the Union, July 15, 1870  The state was considered “redeemed” Those who took control were called Redeemers Reconstruction officially ended with the Compromise of 1877 between Hayes and Tilden Union troops were withdrawn from the South