B. MITSIKOPOULOU What to pay attention when paraphrasing Feedback on Task 5, p. 66

Use simple expressions DOsDON’Ts In the past In past times During past times In the years that have passed Years ago On past In the previous years

Use simple expressions (cont) DOsDON’Ts In the past During past years In the older days Many years ago A long time before From the dawn of civilization In previous eras

Reference to sources DON’T Brown and Mitchell, on the other hand, … According to Mr Jones, …. DO Brown and Mitchell (1998), on the other hand, …. According to Jones (1990), …

Avoid cliches DODON’T TodayNowadays

Avoid wordy style DODON’T Conciseness: Be brief and accurate Wordiness: Use more words than necessary to express your point e.g. Today,e.g. At this time and age, …

Use simple sentence structure DODON’T Jones (1990) states that in the past the teaching of academic discourse focused on writing and argumentation. Jones (1990) states that this happens due to a large amount of teaching students learn about composing concepts in writing by the teaching of scientific discourse.

Don’t change the meaning of the original text Original text “The process of students moving from school to university studies is currently associated with the acquisition of an increased expertise in the discourse and culture of academia rather than an increased ability to argue in writing” (Brown & Mitchell, 1998). Paraphrased text with change in meaning of the original Brown and Mitchell (1998) argue that the students who were on the verge of school and university studies have shown that they have extensive experience regarding speech issues and culture of college but they appear to have weaknesses in writing discourse.

Do not add your own ideas when paraphrasing DON’T ADD YOUR OWN CONTENT However, the solutions lies in compromise, for both composition of ideas and the expertise in academic discourse and culture are valuable tools for all students.