INFECTION CONTROL

WHAT ARE PATHOGENS? Microorganisms that invade and attack the tissue and cells of the body. Virus: Smallest pathogen. Needs a host. Bacteria: Single celled. Fungus: Single or multicellular.

CHAIN OF INFECTION 5-1 page 85 Reservoir host Portal of exit Route of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host

PROTECTION FROM PATHOGENS Physical Barriers: Skin and Mucous Membranes. Chemical Barriers: Saliva, Stomach Acid, Fever. Active Immunity: Body produces antibodies; after being exposed to pathogen (sick) or from a vaccine. Passive Immunity: Mother to child.

BREAKING THE CHAIN OF INFECTION 5-2 Page 86 Kill the pathogen before it can invade the host. Change the environment. (Moist to Dry) (Temperature – Increase Temperature)

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Wear gloves, goggles, gowns, and/or masks Wash hands and other skin surfaces immediately following contamination Avoid giving mouth to mouth CPR Mouth to mask Resuscitator bag “Hands Only” CPR Avoid direct patient contact if YOU have open wounds Carefully and properly dispose of all sharp objects (needles, scalpel, etc.) in a puncture-resistant container.

CAUSES OF HEPATITIS B Caused by direct contact with infected blood. Tattoo, acupuncture, body piercings, semen, vaginal secretions, sharing needles for IV drug use

HEPATITIS B AND C Both are chronic and sometimes fatal Both attack the liver. Causing a decrease in liver function which will cause jaundice. There is no vaccination for HCV

PREVENTING HEPATITIS B AND C Practice universal precautions Get HBV vaccination

CAUSES OF HIV (AIDS) Semen, vaginal secretions, sharing needles for IV drug use, birth to infected mother (breast milk through breast feeding) Currently there are no known reports of HIV transmission through athletics

PREVENTION OF HIV (AIDS) Practice universal precautions The only way to know if you are infected with HIV is to get a blood test for HIV Individuals may be infected, have the virus, and be contagious for years (sometimes up to 10 years) without knowing it.

SKIN INFECTIONS AND DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS MRSA (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus Athletes Foot (Tinea Pedis) Ring Worm (Tinea Corposis) Herpes Papilloma Virus (HPVV) Impetigo

MRSA Caused by a bacteria Pimple or rash on the skin that swells and is warm Gets worse everyday With a pen, put dots around the rash to see if it is growing

ATHLETES FOOT Caused by a fungus Red rash that causes extreme itchiness. May be seen as small pimples with yellow serum that leak when scratched. Found between toes and at the bottom of the foot Only skin infection or dermatological condition that can be treated will OTC medication

RING WORM Caused by a fungus Is classified as a dermatophyte which produce a well defined itchy scaly red patch (ring). Very contagious Will disqualify an athlete from competition

HERPES Caused by a virus Symptoms are: blisters, inflamed skin, and pain on the face, trunk, and genitalia. Highly contagious Will disqualify an athlete from competition if it is in an exposed area of the body.

PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) Caused by a virus Flesh colored lesion (whitish) with small dark spots Most commonly seen as warts on the feet of athletes (plantar warts) Very contagious Some people are more susceptible than others

IMPETIGO Caused by a bacteria (staph and strep) Redness, Itching, and soreness in high friction areas Highly contagious Most common in skin to skin competition (rugby, wrestling) and sports that require pads (friction) Will disqualify an athlete from competition

THINKING IT THROUGH