IVAN PAVLOV 1849 – 1936 * DOGS IVAN PAVLOV STUMBLED UPON A THEORY

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Presentation transcript:

IVAN PAVLOV 1849 – 1936 * DOGS IVAN PAVLOV STUMBLED UPON A THEORY DURING HIS STUDIES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS OF DOGS IVAN PAVLOV STUMBLED UPON A THEORY THAT WOULD BECOME KNOWN AS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT BEHAVIOR CAN BE CONTROLLED HIS EXPERIMENTS ON DOGS LED OTHERS SUCH AS JOHN WATSON TO USE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ON HUMANS

IMPORTANT TERMS Learning – change that an organism undergoes as a result of experience in the environment seen in our behavior. Conditioning - procedure by which associations and responses to specific stimuli are learned

IMPORTANT TERMS Stimulus – event that impacts an organism Response – reaction of an organism to a stimulus Reflex – unlearned automatic involuntary response to a stimulus

IMPORTANT TERMS Unconditioned stimulus – naturally causes a response Unconditioned response – the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus Conditioned stimulus – the neutral stimulus that can be capable of causing a response that it is unconnected to through repeated association Conditioned response – the response caused by a conditioned stimulus

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

NEUTRAL STIMULUS NO RESPONSE

NEUTRAL STIMULUS + UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

CONDITIONED STIMULUS CONDITIONED RESPONSE

Classical Conditioning – a neutral stimulus (unconnected to a response) when repeatedly connected to a stimulus that does naturally cause a response, will then cause that same response.

VARIABLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING STRENGTH – A WEAK STIMULUS WILL NOT HAVE DESIRED IMPACT ON RESPONSE TIMING – UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS MUST BE PAIRED CLOSE ENOUGH WITH THE NEUTRAL STIMULUS FREQUENCY – PAIRINGS MUST BE DONE CONTINUALLY FOR THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS AND A NEUTRAL STIMULUS TO REMAIN

JOHN B. WATSON ARGUED FOR NURTURE IN THE NATURE vs. NURTURE DEBATE - KNOWN AS THE “FATHER OF BEHAVIORISM” ARGUED FOR NURTURE IN THE NATURE vs. NURTURE DEBATE BELIEVED THAT CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTATION COULD BE USED ON HUMANS FAMOUS/INFAMOUS EXPERIMENT WITH “LITTLE ALBERT”

PRACTICAL USE OF CONDITIONING: BEHAVIOR THERAPY

DESENSITIZATION THERAPY GRADUALLY REDUCING THE BOND BETWEEN THE STIMULUS AND THE RESPONSE BY INTRODUCING THE STIMULUS IN A NON-THREATENING WAY FEAR = FLYING UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS = STORIES OF PLANE CRASHES  UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE = FEAR OF FLYING CONDITIONED STIMULUS = NUMEROUS SMOOTH FLIGHTS  CONDITIONED RESPONSE = NO FEAR OF FLYING

COUNTER CONDITIONING THERAPY REPLACING THE CURRENT CONDITIONED STIMULUS  CONDITIONED RESPONSE WITH A NEW AND PLEASANT CONDITIONED STIMULUS CAUSING A NEW PLEASANT CONDITIONED RESPONSE CONDITIONED STIMULUS = FLYING ON A PLANE CONDITIONED RESPONSE = FEAR OF CRASHING NEW CONDITIONED STIMULUS = MOVIES AND TV SHOWS ON PLANE AND FREE ICE CREAM NEW CONDITIONED RESPONSE = I LOVE FLYING

AVERSION THERAPY INTRODUCING AN UNPLEASANT RESPONSE TO A CURRENT PLEASANT RESPONSE IN ORDER TO STOP AN ORIGINAL NEGATIVE STIMULUS SMOKING (UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS)  PLEASURE (UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE) SMOKING + IPECAC (INDUCES VOMITING)  THROWING UP (UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE) SMOKING (CONDITIONED STIMULUS)  FEELING SICK (CONDITIONED RESPONSE)