ATP  A compound that stores energy  Stands for Adenosine triphosphate  Made up of 3 parts 5 carbon sugar Adenosine 3 Phosphates

Making Energy with ATP  Energy is released when a bond holding the phosphate group is broken.  The energy is used by the cell to do work.

How Cells use Energy  Mechanical functions Moving cilia/flagellum Muscle contraction  Active transport Sodium-Potassium Pump  Building and breaking down large molecules Starch, glycogen, amino acids etc.

The ATP Cycle  Energy is stored in chemical bonds.  Energy is released by breaking the chemical bonds and is used to power cell activities.  Energy is depleted and a new molecule ADP is formed.  Energy is created by using energy released from other chemical reactions to bond a phosphate group to ADP...making ATP.

ATP Cycle

ADP is ATP minus 1 P  ATP = Adenosine triphosphate  ADP = Adenosine diphosphate  When energy is used one phosphate group is removed from ATP and ADP is formed.

Organisms and ATP  Two Groups based on how they obtain food: Autotrophs – Producers Heterotrophs – Consumers  Food = Organic compounds that can be broken down into energy

Autotrophs  Make food from carbon dioxide and the sun’s energy.  Examples: Plants, algae, some bacteria  Usually make Glucose as food molecule.  Sunlight is not absolutely needed, but is most commonly used. Hydrothermal Vents

Heterotrophs  Cannot make their own food.  Dependent on the consumption of autotrophs or other heterotrophs for food.  The energy in the food is: Lost and expelled as waste. Used for cellular processes. Stored by the organism for future use.

Left-side Activity  Draw and label an ATP molecule Specific Sugar Phosphate Specific Nitrogenous Base  Draw and label ATP cycle