RISK MONITORING, MODELLING AND MITIGATION OF BENTHIC HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS ALONG THE MEDITERRANEAN (M3-HABS) Summer school on "Ostreopsis bloom modelling” Prof. Cherif SAMMARI 26 th -28 th May 2015 Mouradi Gammarth Hotel, Tunis

INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE LA MER 28 rue 2 mars Salammbô, Tunisia

RESEARCH VESSEL N/O HANNIBAL ACQUIRED WITHIN JAPAN-TUNISIA COOPERATION

HISTORICAL Tunisia has a strategic place in the Mediterranean region. The oceanographic research in Tunisia has begun since the end of the 19th century and it has accompanied the world oceanographical research since the beginning of its development in Mediterranean (1875).

: First large oceanographical prospecting cruise with the Italian vessel “VIOLENTE” in the north of Tunisia : Second large oceanographical prospecting cruise with the “VIOLENTE” in the Northeast and in the Southeast of Tunisia. 1903: Creation of the first marine biology laboratory in Tunisia (Sfax ) to study sponges : Oceanographical prospecting cruise of the Danish N/o “Thor” : Several oceanographic prospecting cruise undertaken by French N/o: the POLE, The HORTENSIA, The ORVET, The POURQUOI PAS, The MARIE FREDERIC, The TANCHE.

1924:  Creation of an oceanographical research institute (among first in Africa and in the Arab world): The Oceanographic Station of Salammbô: S.O.S.  Edition of the first scientific bulletin of the S.O.S.: International distribution.  Opening of the oceanographic museum of Salammbô.  Creation of an important library of marine and natural sciences : Realisation of several research programs concerning: The biology and migrations of the red tuna The biology of the cephalopod and shellfish Hydrology and marine bionomy Fishing Techniques Study of sponges Study of the algae 1956: Independence of Tunisia and increasing of participation of Tunisian experts in oceanographic research.

: Continuation of research programs Creation of programs of education in marine biology at the university 1964: Restructuring of the S.O.S. and creation of coastal stations fastened to an institute called: Institut National Scientifique et Technique d’Océanographie et de Pêche: INSTOP. 1967: Acquisition of an oceanographycal vessel “Hannoun” : Realisation of prospecting cruises Fishing monitoring and hydrology programs along the Tunisian coast. Elaboration of fishing maps results popularisation and formulation of the necessary recommendations for the management of fisheries Development of the research in aquaculture activities in Tunisia.

1996: Evaluation of the Institute research programs Elaboration of a new status Annexation of the aquaculture centre of Monastir with the INSTOP to form a unique institute named Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer: INSTM : Strengthening of the Tunisia - Japan co-operation for the acquisition of a new research vessel: R/v Hannibal Development of international co-operation (EU, FAO, PNUE, CGPM, Europeans countries, Japan, USA, Canada, North Africa, etc.

: Strengthening of infrastructure and budget of INSTM, Development of National and International co-operation, Restauration of the Museum "Dar El Hout“, New Edition of "Bulletin de l'INSTM" in a new design after creation of a "comité de lecture“, Reorganisation of research programs as explained below: NSTM is structured in four research laboratories: Aquaculture, Living Marine resources, Biodiversity and Biotechnologies and Marine Environment Laboratory.

INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE LA MER LABORATOIRE DU MILIEU MARIN/ MARINE ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY Prof. Cherif SAMMARI 26 th -28 th May 2015 Mouradi Gammarth Hotel, Tunis

Creation date : 2002 Staff : 29 including 17 researchers PhD candidates: 10/year Publication : 21 i.e 1.05/researcher/year Annual Budget : 270 MD (including international cooperation budget)

GENRAL PRESENTATION Created in 2002, Marine environment laboratory (LMM) has continually grown new actions and research thematic related to physical oceanography, ecological modelling, data management according to international standards (INSPIRE directive), climate change impact. Despite the lack of regular staff and financial resources, the LMM has published appreciable scientific papers and delivered diploma (30 scientific papers published in international journals during 2014). Also, the LMM is active in bilateral and international cooperation. Its participation to several UE programs (FP5, FP6, FP7, Capacities, ENPI, etc.) is well appreciated. Financial resources due to UE cooperation cover 50% the LMM budget.

Furthermore, the LMM is interested in socio- economic field. In fact its recent study on behalf of STEG was successfully accomplished. PhD Candidates are dealing with topical issues (spatial oceanography, modelling, ecology, cytometry, FerryBox, etc.) with a view to strengthening our capacity-building activities. GENRAL PRESENTATION (continued)

During , LMM projects are mainly focused the following aspects: CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN DYNAMIC STUDIES (FIGURE 1A-B). Figure 1a. Monthly climatology (December) of geostrophic current anomalies along Tunisian coast. Figure 1b. T-S Diagram of measurements in 2003 (blue), 2005(red), 2006(green), 2007 (magenta) et 2008 (purple) et 2009 (pink).

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE GULF OF GABES (FIGURE 2). Figure 2. Vertical profiles of chlorophyll-a and Zeaxanthin (cyanobacteria pigment) in (µg/l).

COASTAL MANAGEMENT (FIGURE 3). Figure 3. a- Current rose in front of Ras-Maamour at -10 m, b- Azote distribution in large of Djerba, c- Digital Current modeling in East of Djerba, d- Stick Diagram in front of Ras-Maamour.

CLIMATE CHANGE (FIGURE 4). Figure 4. Air temperature (min, max, average) in (ENEA).

AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT (FIGURE 5). Spatio-temporal variations of phytoplankton species in the lagoon of Ghar El Melh Among planktonic microalgae, 28 species (70,27%) are known to be harmful

WP3’s objectives Objective 1 Coordinate all the initiatives that will be undertaken within M3-HABs project Objective 2 Capitalize results achieved through M3-HABs project Objective 3 Create and maintain a Mediterranean net sharing common monitoring strategies and management tools with the collaboration of all partners

1 st Summer School in Lebanon (2-4 June 2014) “Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Ecology of Ostreopsis genus” 2 nd Summer School in Tunisia (26-28 May 2015) “Ostreopsis bloom modeling” WP3’s Deliverables Subgrants: 04 PhD students had training last autumn in Italy. 06 other PhD / Post Doc students will start fellowships after the Summer School. Historical data: Ostreopsis abundance and environmental data were collected since 2000, in Bizerte, Gulf of Tunis and Gulf of Gabes. Organization of 2 Summer Schools: Participation in the establishment of Ostreopsis website. Spread of best practice manuals and protocols across Mediterranean countries.

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