 Crude oil extracted from the ground is complex and full of a variety of hydrocarbon structure.  Crude oil refineries sort the different hydrocarbons.

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Presentation transcript:

 Crude oil extracted from the ground is complex and full of a variety of hydrocarbon structure.  Crude oil refineries sort the different hydrocarbons by size, structure, and weight.  Large hydrocarbons can be broken down into more useful “pieces.”

 All of these are hydrocarbons, bonded together in various structures.  Which of these can you name?

 Top 10 Companies worldwide: Exxon Mobil Wal-Mart Stores Royal Dutch Shell BP General Motors Chevron DaimlerChrysler Toyota Motor Ford Motor ConocoPhillips  How many are oil companies? What do the others sell?

What are “polymers”? A polymer is a large molecule that is created when monomers are joined together. A monomer is a single unit that is used to build a polymer. Polymers may be naturally occurring or man-made (synthetic).

Straight Chained Polymer (made up of one type of monomer) Spaghetti-like structure of straight chain polymers. Coils lead to entanglement (stiffness).

Branched Chain Polymer Branching reduces the density and increases the flexibility of a polymer.

Low density polyethylene has more branches, so it cannot be packed as closely as in linear, high density polyethylene.

Cross Linked Polymers Cross-linking increases stiffness and strength of a polymer.

 Properties are determined by the structure of the molecules and depend on: -type of monomers used -chain length -branching -degree of cross-linking

DIRECTION OF INCREASING STRENGTH

Branched, Cross-linked or Linear?

 Gelatin in gummi worms and gummi bears are made from natural polymers!  Bubble gum contains styrene butadiene rubber!  Carbohydrates (starches) and proteins are examples of natural polymers! natural polymers

Polymers at the movies…. Nylon carpet, polyester and acrylic seats, polyester curtains, nylon screen, polyester film strip, waxy polyethylene popcorn tub, starch in popcorn, polystyrene cups, plastic M&M bag, protein in hotdogs, gelatin in gummy bears, paraffin in Junior Mints, sticky stuff on the floor made of soda, butter, Skittles, Milk Duds and more…