CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS. Scientists assign organisms a two-word name. (Binomial nomenclature) ► The history of this started with Aristotle over 2,000.

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Presentation transcript:

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

Scientists assign organisms a two-word name. (Binomial nomenclature) ► The history of this started with Aristotle over 2,000 years ago. He grouped plants & animals together by similar structures.

The science of naming and classifying organisms is called: ► TAXONOMY

In the 1750’s Swedish biologist, Carolus Linnaeus invented binomial nomenclature.

Scientific names must be UNIVERSAL…. ► so Latin is used… it is a “dead” language, so it does not “evolve”.

► Red oak ► Genus ► Quercus ► Scientific name ► Quercus rubra

The system is a seven level grouping: ► 1. Kingdom, contains phyla ► 2. Phylum, contains classes ► 3. Class, contains orders ► 4. Order, contains families ► 5. Family, contains genera ► 6. Genus, contains species ► 7. Species, a group of organisms that can breed

Memorize this list!!!!! ► Kings play chess on fat guys stomachs. ► Kentucky Plants Can Originate From Good Soil (-Marcus Thompson, 2007)

Honey Bees are classified this way: ► Kingdom = Animalia ► Phylum = Arthropoda ► Class = Insecta ► Order = Hymenoptera ► Family = Apidae ► Genus = Apis ► Species = Apis mellifera

TAXONOMY REVEALS EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY ► Convergent evolution means that organisms that live in similar environments evolve similar features. ► These similar features are called analogous characters.

The evolutionary history of a species is called it phylogeny. ► Scientists use Cladistics to build phylogenies. ► Cladistics is a system of taxonomy that recognizes phylogenies by inferring relationships.

Cladogram

2 SYSTEMS FOR CLASSIFYING LIFE! ► I. = 6-KINGDOM SYSTEM ► Animalia ► Plantae ► Protista ► Fungi ► Eubacteria ► Archaebacteria

and.... ► II. = 3-DOMAIN system ► Domain Archaea ► Domain Bacteria ► Domain Eukarya