Adjective Clauses A subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. -The student whom I asked for help decorated my bulletin board for me. They answer the questions: What kind or which one. -The cars that are black belong to Mr. Shaw. -The desk which has books all over it is mine. Must follow the noun or pronoun being modified. -The girl who had the hiccups is my sister. How do you recognize them? Begin with words that, which, who, whom, and whose. These are all relative pronouns. Examples: A person who is willing to devote much time and effort to it may find a career in music satisfying. The competition is so hard that only those whose talent is exceptional will succeed in making a living.

Adjective Clauses cont’d If you remove adjective clauses from a sentence, you will still have a complete sentence. The boy who had never danced before was having a great time. The boy was having a great time. If a complete sentence does not remain, we did not select the clause correctly.

Adjective Clauses cont’d How do I know which relative pronoun to choose? Which : Refers to things or animals, but never people. That : Refers to things, animals, or people. Who, Whom, and Whose : Refer to only people; however, there are a few exceptions! When deciding between Who and Whom, you need to look at the clause independently. Use "who" if it takes on the role of subject within the clause. The student who was talking received a documentation. The student whom I gave my pencil to failed to return it.

For the following sentences, select the best relative pronoun. There may be two possible answers in some cases. 1. Congo was a movie _______ made me cry. [that, which] 2. Any one ___________ can beat Michael Jordan in basketball is pretty good. [who, whom] 3. Anyone ____________ Jenny can beat in basketball is awful. [who, whom] 4. The rope ____________ controls the curtain broke. [that, which] 5. The blood ______________flows from a wound can wash away germs. [which, that] 6. A man ___________ looked like Brad Pitt gave me an autograph. [which, that] 7. I have an English teacher __________ looks quite a bit like him. [who, which] 8. There are some people ____________ I think eat too much. [who, whom] 9. There are some people ____________ think you should meet me. [who, whom] 10. The dog __________ owner lost him is at the pound. [who’s, whose]

Now it’s your turn… Complete exercises 20 & 21 on pg. 440 of your WAG book. Follow directions for both exercises Complete pgs. 79 & 80 in your WAG workbook

Adverb Clauses A subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb When you get home from work, I will prepare dinner. How do you recognize them? Subordinating Conjunctions! Begin with words after, although, as, as if, as long as, because, before, even though, if, in order that, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while Examples: I will prepare dinner when you arrive. I expect you to call whenever you are late.

Adverb Clauses Can answer the questions: When? Where? Why? How? Under what condition? The boy will cry if you tickle his feet. The plane took off when the cops arrived. Certain words help us recognize and look for clauses. WHEN?: While, when, whenever, as, as soon as, before, after, since, until. WHERE?: Where, wherever. HOW?: As if, as though. WHY?: Because, since, as, so that. UNDER WHAT CONDITION?: If, unless, though, although, provided that. Like adverbs, adverb clauses can be moved around a sentence. Dinner will be ready when dad gets home. When dad gets home, dinner will be ready. In most cases put a comma after the adverb clause at a beginning of a sentence.

Be Careful!!! “Where” can introduce either and adverb or adjective clause. I eat where I cook. I eat at the store where I cook. “When” usually starts adverb clauses, but can sometimes start an adjective clause. My friend telephoned when I was very busy. My friend telephoned on a day when I was very busy. “Since” usually starts adverb clauses, but can sometimes start an adjective clause. In the centuries since he was born, other instruments have been developed.

Now It’s Your Turn! Complete exercise 22 on pg. 442 of your WAG book. Follow directions given in book Complete pgs. 81 & 82 in your workbook