The World of Music 7th Edition

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Presentation transcript:

The World of Music 7th Edition Part 2 Listening to American Music: Folk, Religious, Pop, and Jazz Chapter 5: Jazz in America

Characteristics of Jazz Swing Rhythms (long, short, long, short…) Uneven division of the beat Improvisation Syncopation Typical Instrumentation Saxophones Alto, Tenor, Baritone (Bari) Trumpet Trombone Drum Set Bass Piano

Jazz Terms Swing Improvisation Syncopation Walking Bass Comping Riff Scatting Syncopation Walking Bass Comping Riff Vibrato

Big Band Instrumentation Standard Rhythm Section Piano Bass Drums Brass 4 Trumpets 4 Trombones Woodwinds 2 Alto Saxes 2 Tenor Saxes 1 Baritone Saxophone Extended Rhythm Guitar Vibraphone Extra Percussion Brass Flugelhorn Tuba Woodwind Flute Clarinet Soprano Saxophone

Roots of Jazz Popular Song Blues Ragtime New Orleans Brass Bands Gospel

Similarities between New Orleans and Chicago High Energy Rhythmic Vitality Usually Led by: Clarinet Trumpet Trombone No Notation Head Arrangements Group Improvisation Rhythm Section responsible for “time” Frequent Breaks or “Stop Time” Adds Fills and other embellishments at end of phrases

Stride Piano Style Solo Piano Improvised Energetic Hands Split in Roles LH Strides (Walks) Bass parts RH plays syncopated rhythms in melodies Boogie Woogie Follows Blues patterns Ostinato in LH Famous ones… Fats Waller (1904-1943) Earl Hines (1903-1983) Art Tatum (1909-1956) Erroll Garner (1921-1977) Oscar Peterson (1925-2007)

Types of Swing Sweet Swing Artists Hot Swing Artists No Improvisation “Lightly Swung” rhythms Not considered true “Jazz” by connoisseurs Artists Guy Lombardo (1902-1977) Lawrence Welk (1903-1992) Hot Swing Lots of Improvisation Heavy Swing Sophisticated Arrangements Artists Benny Goodman (1909-1986) Duke Ellington (1899-1974) Count Basie (1904-1084) Stan Kenton (1911-1979)

Bebop Combo Instrumentation Imaginative/Clever use of chords Virtuosic Complex Fast Intense Grew from Jam Sessions Artists Dizzy Gillespie – Trumpet (1917-1993) Thelonius Monk – Piano (1917-1982) Kenny Clarke – Drums (1914-1985) Charlie Parker (Bird) – Saxophone (1920-1955)

Cool Jazz Named from Miles Davis’ album: “Birth of the Cool” When compared to Bebop Softer More Relaxed More accessible Artists Miles Davis (1926-1991) Modern Jazz Quartet (began 1952) Dave Brubeck (1952-) Gerry Mulligan (1927-1996) Stan Getz (1927-1991) Chet Baker (1929-1988)

Hard Bop A reaction to Cool Jazz Attempted to continue Bebop Artists Without alienating the audience For $$ purposes Artists Clifford Brown (1930-1956) Sonny Rollins (1930-) John Coltrane (1926-1967)

Funky Jazz / Soul Jazz Return to Roots of Jazz Simplicity Strong Beat Harmonic and Rhythmic Strong Beat Influences from Gospel R&B Soul Artists Horace Silver (1928-) Art Blakey (1911-1990)

Free Jazz Almost pure Improvisation Musicians interact with each other musically Since it lacked structure, tended not to be popular among musicians OR listeners Though the new music seekers appreciated it for what it was

Fusion Merged styles Characteristics Artists Pop Classical Rock Electronic Instruments MIDI technology Straight rhythms Rock Drumming techniques Artists Miles Davis (Later) Herbie Hancock (1940-) Chick Corea (1941-) Pat Metheny (1954-) Gary Burton (1943-)

Smooth Jazz Less Intense Easy Listening Some don’t call it Jazz (more pop like) Artists David Sanborn (1945-) Kenny G (1956-) George Benson (1943-) Grover Washington Jr. (1943-1999)