IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 Thermal energy transfers

IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 This motorbike uses fins to increase the surface area and maximise energy loss from the engine.

IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 Survival blankets are given to runners at the end of a race. The reflective surface reflects the infrared radiation emitted from the runner's body back towards them and prevents it escaping.

IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 Animals also need to maximise and minimise energy loss. African elephants have large ears. This large surface area increases the transfer of energy to the elephants’ surroundings.

IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 Look at these ducks huddling. This is a method of minimising energy loss by reducing the surface area of the group.

IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 This Arctic Wolf has smaller ears and a shorter muzzle than regular wolves. This reduces its surface area and helps to minimise energy loss.

IP1.6.6 Thermal energy transfers © Oxford University Press 2011 Penguins are warm blooded animals in a cold climate. They are quite large. This reduces their surface area to volume ratio and helps to minimise energy loss.