Present & Future Active Indicative Chapter 3

lu,w lu,eij lu,ei Singular lu,omen lu,ete lu,ousi(n ) Plural I Loose You Loose He Looses We Loose Ya’ll Loose They Loose Present Active Indicative of luvw

Primary Active endings 1s -w 2s -eiV 3s -ei 1p -omen 2p -ete 3p -ousi(n)

Present Active Indicative Present tense stem + Connecting Vowel + Primary active personal endings lu + o + men = luvomen

Greek Verbs Stem: This is the part of the verb that carries the basic meaning. Connecting vowel: Greek verbs sometimes need a vowel after the stem to aid in the pronunciation of the word. Personal endings: Suffixes added to the end of the verb indicating person and number

Parsing Parsing: the breaking down of the verb and denoting of: –Tense –Voice –Mood –Person –Number –Lexical form (For verbs, this will be the 1st person singular, present indicative.) –Definition of inflected form.

Keep Parsing of Nouns and Verbs Straight Verbs do not have case or gender; nouns do not have person. –Nouns Case, gender, number –Verbs Tense, voice, mood, person and number

Greek Verbs- Tense Aspect: This can be either continuous or undefined. –Aspect ALWAYS takes precedence over time Time: Present tense generally indicates an action occurring in the present tense.

Verbs & Personal Pronouns It is not usually necessary to provide the personal pronoun as the subject of a verb because the verb ending indicates the personal pronoun subject of the verb. –Reasons for including the personal pronoun are twofold: Emphasis. Gender.

lu,ei can be translated he, she, or it looses. Gender is specified by context or the addition of a personal pronoun. Note: Unless specified, it is typical to simply use the masculine pronoun in translation. For example...

The Use of the Future Tense The future is formed by adding a sigma to the end of the future tense stem (lu,sw). Future tense stem + s + Connecting Vowel + Primary active personal endings lu + s + o + men = luvsomen

Present Tense lu,w lu,eij lu,ei Sng lu,ome n lu,ete lu,ousi n Pl Active lu,sw lu,seij lu,sei lu,some n lusete lu,sousi n Future Active

Amalgamation p, b, f + s form y k, g, c + s form x t, d, q drop out before s

blepsw Instead of bleyw It becomes blepw Root word e;cswe;xwe;cw Funny Futures peivqswpeivswpeivqw

khruk Verb Stem khruvxw It becomes khrussw Pre Act Ind baptid baptivs w baptizw Special Futures [Pay attention to verb stem]

The Use of the Future Tense Both English and Greek use the future tense to predict or describe an action that will take place in the future. But Greek also uses the future tense to form commands – particularly when the NT is quoting the OT. –o` de. e;fh auvtw/|( VAgaph,seij ku,rion to.n qeo,n sou evn o[lh| th/| kardi,a| sou kai. evn o[lh| th/| yuch/| sou kai. evn o[lh| th/| dianoi,a| sou\ (Matt 22:37). –And He said to him, “You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.” (Matthew 22:37)

In the Future Tense, as in the Present Tense, the aspect (kind of action) depicted must be discerned from the context. Tings tou Consider

So, the present may depict the simple present (simple present, e.g., I loose), an ongoing action in the present (progressive present, e.g., I am loosing), or a past action as if it is in the present (historical present, e.g., He comes to him, and then...).

The future may be predictive (e.g., I will loose), imperatival (e.g., You will loose), or gnomic (e.g., A person will drink water...) indicating that this is what should be expected under normal conditions.

avgapa, sw Instead of avgaph, sw It becomes avgapa, w Root word lale,swlalh,swlale,w Funny Futures plhro,swplhrw,swplhro,w poie,swpoih,swpoie,w

Vowel changes in Future Tense a and e lengthen to h o lengthens to w