Effective Partnerships: What Role in Migration and Development? Migration and Development: World Bank and OECD Development Centre Conference May 2007 Louka T. Katseli

Gaining from Migration Report Joint initiative: OECD Development Centre, Migration Policy Institute and individual experts, supported by DG Employment (EC) and OECD Official launch: 13 September 2007 at EU Presidency Conference on “EU Legal Migration”

Enriched by comments from… 9-10 July 07 Global Forum on Migration and Development April 07 Rhodes Conference on Migration and Development: A Euro-Mediterranean Perspective 29 March 07 Brussels Experts’ Meeting May 07 World Bank Conference on Migration and Development 12 June 07 Berlin Conference on Migration and Development

Gaining from Migration: Key Outputs –Migration, employment, growth –Challenges for integration –Diaspora networks –Migration and development Evaluative reviews: what do we know about… Policy Briefs: synthesising policy lessons regarding… Final Report (proposals for managing a new mobility system)

Gaining From Migration: Main Messages Large gains through labour mobility Emerging global labour-mobility system requires new thinking Old dichotomies (skilled/unskilled; sending/receiving countries; temporary/permanent migration; labour-based vs. family migration) have become dysfunctional Needed: an orderly system to cover job-market needs based on realistic occupational qualifications

Management – and perceptions – of the system need overhauling Smart, renewable permits Temporary, cyclical migration schemes Major simplification of bureaucratic and administrative procedures for legal admission, residence and work permits A monitoring and information sharing system

Migration and development policies need to be interlinked Receiving country migration policies must be viewed through a “development lens” (to assess their impact on skills, labour markets, poverty…) Sending-country development policies must be viewed through a “migration lens” The role of aid: to smooth adjustment and build capacity in sending countries

Regional and Multilateral Initiatives are Also Needed Regional (not merely bilateral) co- operation is needed to facilitate migration management, circularity, development Regional governance schemes need to be strengthened WTO GATS Mode 4 provisions can facilitate “orderly market creation,” sharing of responsibilities and more effective intermediation by foreign firms

Effective partnerships can facilitate management of the global labour- mobility system Sending and receiving countries must be involved… …but also –Diaspora networks –The private sector (employers, banks…) –Transit countries International or intergovernmental organisations (World Bank, EU) can help develop principles and a framework for such partnerships

Effective Partnerships: Four levels 2. Managing Labour Markets 3. Managing Economic Adjustment 4. Managing Political and Social Adjustment 1. Managing mobility

Effective Partnerships: What’s Involved? (1) 1. Managing Mobility 2. Managing Labour Markets 3. Managing Economic Adjustment 4. Managing Political and Social Adjustment (1) Mobility management Smart, renewable permits Information, communication and monitoring systems Simplification of admission, readmission and deportation procedures Specification of rights and responsibilities of migrants (2) Managing labour markets Opening up channels for legal immigration/emigration Agreed principles for regularisation procedures Portability of social security benefits Revisit codes of ethical conduct Phasing of benefits for immigrants Re-deployment of human-resources and replenishment of labour-market needs, supported by development assistance

Effective Partnerships: What’s Involved? 1. Managing Mobility 2. Managing Labour Markets 3. Managing Economic Adjustment 4. Managing Political and Social Adjustment (3) Managing economic adjustment Fiscal impact and burden sharing Regional integration Financing infrastructure investment and improvements in social-delivery systems Innovative financial instruments for local development Reducing costs and improving access for remittances Diaspora for development programmes (4) Managing social and political adjustment Urban and social policies Engagement of diaspora communities in integration and development Second and third generation migrants Legal and political rights of migrants

Effective Partnerships: For Whom? Benefits for Migrants: –Protection of human rights, –Improved information, –Lowering of costs Receiving countries: –Legal vs. irregular migration –An “orderly” system for labour-market needs –Sustainable co-operation and burden-sharing with sending countries –Improved integration prospects Sending countries: –Smoother adjustment to emigration –Strengthened replenishment capacity –Improved financial benefits –Expanded investment in human capital formation

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