Human Physiology in the Development of Performance Summary

Today’s Objectives To summarise the section we have just completed in preparation for the NAB

The Cardio- Respiratory system can be split into 2 parts In general terms: –Cardio: Heart –Respiratory: Lungs

Cardio-Respiratory System Question What is the main function of the cardio- respiratory system? Answer To move air in and out of the lungs so that oxygen can be taken into the blood stream and carbon dioxide can be released from the blood stream into the lungs and breathed out.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System StructureDescription Nasal PassageNose Oral CavityMouth PharynxFunnel shaped tube allowing air to go into the windpipe LarynxVoice Box TracheaWindpipe BronchiSub-divisions of windpipe

Anatomy of the Respiratory System StructureDescription LungsCone shaped organs of the respiratory system HeartMuscular organ of the cardiovascular system RibsFlat bones that protect the heart and lungs Intercostal muscles Muscle that pull on the rib cage causing it to move CartilageConnective tissue that joins the ribs onto the sternum

Anatomy of the Respiratory System StructureDescription BronchiolesSmall tube like subdivisions of the bronchi DiaphragmMuscle at the bottom of the rib cage which assists during breathing AlveoliBunch of grape like structures where pulmonary diffusion takes place

The Respiratory System Intercostal muscles Cartilage Bronchioles Diaphragm Alveoli

Pathway of Air Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs

What is Pulmonary Diffusion? Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the process of gas exchange which occurs in the lungs It has 2 main functions: 1.To replenish the blood with oxygen where it can be transported around the body 2.To remove carbon dioxide from the blood so we can breathe it out

Pulmonary Diffusion During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2 and CO2) always travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Until there is an equal balance of both gases in the blood

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D Breathing In B The diaphragm contracts and flattens E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D Breathing Out A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure H Air is forced out of the lungs

Adaptations to the Respiratory with Exercise Increased ability to take in more air due to increases in strength or endurance of intercostals muscles Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by blood (pulmonary diffusion) Increased alveoli surface area

Energy Systems Diagram of ATP molecule A P P P

Energy Systems Main Function of all energy systems -To re-synthesise ATP -ADP + P + Energy > ATP

Energy Systems You must know the reactions which take place within each of the three systems and the advantages and disadvantages of them. You should know how long they last.

Aerobic System (another role) Assisting in the recovery of the other systems – ie oxygen deficit and excess post exercise oxygen consumption (epoc).