Heat Engine Example (22.5): A particular heat engine has a mechanical power output of 5.00 kW and an efficiency of 25.0%. The engine expels 8.00 x 10.

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Presentation transcript:

Heat Engine Example (22.5): A particular heat engine has a mechanical power output of 5.00 kW and an efficiency of 25.0%. The engine expels 8.00 x 10 3 J of exhaust energy in each cycle. Find: a)The energy taken in during each cycle. b)The time interval of each cycle.

In one complete cycle, a heat engine extracts heat Q h from a thermal reservoir, does work W and does not eject any heat into the environment. This heat engine is impossible because its operation violates 1.Conservation of energy (1st Law) only 2.2nd Law only 3.Both 1st Law and 2nd Law.

The energy input to an engine is 3.00 times greater than the work it performs. What is the thermal efficiency? Impossible to determine

The energy input to an engine is 3.00 times greater than the work it performs. What fraction of the energy input is expelled to the cold reservoir? Impossible to determine

To increase the efficiency of a heat engine, it would be better 1.to increase the temperature of the hot reservoir while keeping the temperature of the cold reservoir constant. 2.to decrease the temperature of the cold reservoir while keeping the temperature of the hot reservoir constant. 3.to decrease the temperature of the hot reservoir while keeping the temperature of the cold reservoir constant. 4.to increase the temperature of the cold reservoir while keeping the temperature of the hot reservoir constant. 5.none of these.

A device containing an ideal gas executes the cycle shown. This is a 1.heat engine 2.refrigerator 3.Neither because the net work done by/on the device is zero V P Start/finish

The outdoor portion of a central air-conditioning unit has a fan that blows air across the condenser coils. If this fan breaks, why won’t the air conditioner cool the house properly?

If you left the door to your refrigerator open, after a few hours your kitchen would feel 1.Warmer. 2.Cooler. 3.Cozy. 4.Roomier. 5.It depends on the efficiency of your refrigerator.

By what factor does the cost of heating your home change when you replace your electric heater with an electric heat pump that has a COP of 4.00? Assume the heat pump motor is 100% efficient

It is impossible to transfer a given quantity of heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir. 1.true. 2.false.

An air conditioner is brought into the center of a dorm room and turned on. After several minutes, the temperature of the room 1.Increases 2.Decreases 3.remains constant

Carnot Engine Pre-Question: Draw a P-V diagram for the following cyclic process: 1)Isothermal expansion 2)Adiabatic expansion 3)Isothermal compression 4)Adiabatic compression

Carnot Example (22.3): A 35%-efficient Carnot engine is run in reverse (i.e. as a fridge). What is the COP?

It is not difficult to imagine a process that produces more work than the Carnot cycle. For example: How then, is the Carnot engine “ideal”? P V W

What must be true for a Carnot engine to have an efficiency of 1?

You wish to maximize the COP of a Carnot heat pump. You should: 1.Maximize the temperature of the hot reservoir. 2.Maximize the temperature of the cold reservoir. 3.Minimize the temperature of the hot reservoir. 4.Minimize the temperature of the cold reservoir.

Problem 1 (22.12): A heat pump has a COP of 4.20 and requires a power of 1.75 kW to operate. a)How much energy does the heat pump add to your home in one hour? b)What is the pump is doing? Where does the energy come from? c)If the heat pump were reversed to act as an air conditioner, what would the COP be? Problem 2 (22.27): Argon enters a turbine at a rate of 80 kg/min, a temperature of 800 C, and a pressure of 1.5MPa. It expands adiabatically as it pushes on the turbine blades and exits at pressure 300 kPa. a)Calculate its temperature at the exit. b)Calculate the (maximum) power output of the turning turbine. c)The turbine is one component of a model closed-cycle gas turbine engine. Calculate the maximum efficiency of this engine.