Academic Vocabulary Unit 7 Cite: To give evidence for or justification of an argument or statement.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Support:  To give assistance; to hold up

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Analyze  To examine methodically by separating into parts and studying their interrelations.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Delineate: o “The fish that got away was THIS long!”  To clearly show or describe something

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Evaluate:  To examine and judge carefully; appraise.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Assess:  To decide the quality or importance of something

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Identify:  establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Textual Evidence:  a quotation or fact from an already published source that helps to prove a statement or to lend credibility to an idea.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Argument  a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Claim:  An arguable statement.  Generally speaking, there are three primary types of persuasive claims:  Claims of fact assert that something is true or not true.  Claims of value assert that something is good or bad, more or less desirable.  Claims of policy assert that one course of action is superior to another.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Reasoning:  The action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  False Statements:  A statement that is not true, but not given to intentionally deceive.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Fallacious Reasoning: o All seagulls are birds, therefore all birds must be seagulls.  A fallacy or error in logical argumentation.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Expert Opinions/Quotes  The beliefs or words of a person who is a specialist in a subject.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Statistics  The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Primary Source  A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study; first- hand information.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Secondary Source:  Source of information is one that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions you’re researching

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Red Herring:  Partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what’s really at stake. Often, the arguer never returns to the original issue.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Bias:  Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Begging the Question:  An argument that asks the reader to simply accept the conclusion without providing real evidence; the argument either relies on a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion (which you might hear referred to as “being circular” or “circular reasoning”), or simply ignores an important (but questionable) assumption that the argument rests on.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Appeal to Emotion:  Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Appeal to Logic:  The argument is made by presenting facts that lead the audience to a specific conclusion. Persuading by the use of reasoning.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Appeal to Ethics:  Means convincing by the character of the author. We tend to believe people whom we respect. One of the central problems of argumentation is to project an impression to the reader that you are someone worth listening to, in other words making yourself as author into an authority on the subject of the paper, as well as someone who is likable and worthy of respect.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Bandwagon:  The assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: everyone believes it, so you should too.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7  Hasty Generalizations:  A concerned citizen says: “That man is an alcoholic. Liquor should be banned.”  A conclusion formed without evidence, often the product of an emotional reaction. “Jumping” to a conclusion.