Warm Up: How did natural resources and new means of transportation affect the growth of industry? Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Industrialization: a shift from an agricultural (farming) economy to one based on industry (manufacturing)  Effect on Economy ▪ City population increased (Urbanization) ▪ New entrepreneurs emerged (more money = more technology/inventions) Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines The more efficient means of production and subsequent higher levels of production triggered far-reaching changes to industrialized societies Machines were invented which replaced human labor New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene) increased use of metals and minerals Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc. Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Mass production of goods  Increased numbers of goods  Increased diversity of goods produced  Development of factory system of production  Rural-to-urban migration  People left farms to work in cities  Development of capitalism  Financial capital for continued industrial growth  Development and growth of new socio-economic classes  Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class  Commitment to research and development  Investments in new technologies  Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

The factory system changed the world of work; Mass Production = the production of large amounts of standardized products, especially on assembly lines Mass production began in U.S. Elements: –Interchangeable parts –Assembly line Production and repair faster and more efficient Mass Production Dramatic increase in production Businesses charged less Affordable goods More repetitious jobs Soon became norm Effects Factories and Mass Production

 New Technologies  Steam-became key power source  Iron-less expensive, better quality  Railroads-Changed the way raw materials, goods, and people moved  Textiles  Cotton Gin- quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds  Spinning Jenny-Spun many threads at the same time Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Rise of Unions-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions  Goods were able to be produced much more cheaply  There were greater job opportunities  There was an increase in wealth and in general quality of life  An independent urban manufacturing business force arose  New inventions and innovations occurred; information spread, making the world “smaller”  Spurred the rise of large cities Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

Stable Government  No wars  Had capital (money) to invest in businesses  Had overseas markets (colonial empire) Natural Resources  Coal (energy for machines)  Iron ore (for tools)  Large network of rivers to move products Labor Supply  Growing population  Ready workforce New Technology  Invention and improvement of steam engine Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Believed unions before them failed because they limited their membership  Organized both skilled and unskilled workers, blacks, and women  By early 1880’s, became a national force  Goals:  8 hour work day  End of child labor  Equal pay for equal work  Graduated income tax

 Written in 1906 to point out the troubles of the working class and the corruption of the American meatpacking industry in the early 20 th Century  Depicts poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption of those in power  Legislation Resulting from The Jungle  Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (sanitary standards)  Pure Food and Drug Act (food and drug tests, labels on food products) ▪ Lead to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by Theodore Roosevelt Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

The “HAVES” Bourgeois Life Thrived on the Luxuries of the Industrial Revolution The “HAVE-NOTS” The Poor, The Over-Worked, and the Destitute Benefited most

 Increased world productivity  Growth of railroads (faster and more efficient transportation of goods and people)  New entrepreneurs emerged (more money = more technology/inventions)  New inventions improved quality of life for many  Labor eventually organized (unions) to improve working conditions  Laws were enacted to enforce health and safety codes in cities and factories  New opportunities for women  Rise of the middle class – size, power, and wealth expanded  Social structure becomes more flexible  A global economy began to emerge (trade)

 FACTORY  Child labor  Sweatshops  Miserable (dirty, cramped) and dangerous (fingers, limbs, & lives lost) working conditions  Long working hours – six days a week, with little pay  Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through factories  Strikes  Cities  Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, and cold Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Developed to replace the domestic system of production  Faster method of production  Workers concentrated in a set location  Production anticipated demand  For example: Under the domestic system, a woman might select fabric and have a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a dress. Under the factory system, the factory owner bought large lots of popular fabrics and had workers create multiple dresses in common sizes, anticipating that women would buy them. Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Textiles – cloths or fabrics  First industry to be industrialized  Great Britain learned a lot about textiles from India and China Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

 Increase in population of cities  Women and children enter the workplace as cheap labor  Rise of labor unions  Introduction of reforms  Laws to protect children in the workplace  Minimum wage and maximum hour laws  Federal safety and health standards  Growth of the middle class  Increased production and higher demand for raw materials = growth of worldwide trade  Expansion of education  Women’s increased demands for suffrage

 Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit  Free-market economy: decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors  Profit goes to owners who invest in the business  Wages are paid to workers employed by companies and businesses

 Socialism - An economic system in which the government owns or controls many of the means of the production and directly provides for many of the people’s needs  People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals  Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few  Tried to build perfect communities [utopias]

 Communism- a political philosophy that aims for a classless and stateless society structured upon common ownership of the means of production and an end to private property  “Haves” -Bourgeoisie (benefited the most)  “Have Nots”-proletariat (working class)

 What are some lasting effects of the Industrial Revolution? Todays Objective: Students will be able to explain how the innovations and inventions of the Industrial Revolution impacted society.