Dr A J Davison Class Management Skills Deliver instruction efficiently Start and stop a class consistently Move into groups and formations Use groups to expedite class organisation Know students’ names Establish pre- and post-teaching routines Use equipment effectively

Dr A J Davison Class Management Skills Routines Non-participation Entering teaching area Discussing lesson content Lesson closure Arranging equipment Discussing discipline problems

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Strategies and programs for teaching responsible behaviour Levels of responsibility Learning responsible behavior must be planned Responsible behaviour takes time and practice Hierarchy of responsible behavior

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Five levels of behaviour Level 0 = Irresponsibility Level 1 = Self-Control Level 2 = Involvement Level 3 = Self-Responsibility Level 4 = Caring

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Level 0 = Irresponsibility Unmotivated and undisciplined Discrediting others Interrupting, intimidating, manipulating, and abusing others Physical education example Talking to friends when the teacher is giving instructions

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Level 1 = Self-Control May or may not participation in the day’s activity Does not interfere with other students or teacher Physical education example Waiting for appropriate time to talk with friends

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Level 2 = Involvement Show self control Usually involved in the subject matter or activity Physical education example Listening and performing activity Trying even when they do not like the activity Participation without complaint

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Level 3 = Self-Responsibility Take responsibility for choices and for linking choices to their own identities Work without direct supervision Eventually take responsibility for their intentions and actions Physical education example Practicing a skill without being told to do so Trying new activities without encouragement

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Level 4 = Caring Motivated to extend their sense of responsibility by Cooperating Giving support Showing concern Helping others Physical education example Helping someone who is having trouble

Dr A J Davison Teach Responsible Behaviour Responsible behaviour teaching strategies Modelling Reinforcement Time for reflection Student sharing Goal setting Responsibility opportunities Student choice

Dr A J Davison Prevent Behaviour Problems Create a personal behaviour plan Determine rules and procedures Determine consequences Determine routines for students Implement management plan Be a leader, not a friend Communicate high standards Explain and discuss rules/consequences

Dr A J Davison Prevent Behaviour Problems Practice rules systematically Use activities that involve entire class Enforce rules consistently Give positive group feedback Discipline individually Avoid group negative feedback Avoid feedback that may lead to backlash Give clear and specific instructions

Dr A J Davison Increase Desired Behaviour Behaviour followed by appropriate positive feedback increases Types of reinforcement Social reinforcement Activity reinforcement Token reinforcement Premack Principle

Dr A J Davison Increase Desired Behaviour Prompts Used to remind students to perform desired behaviour Types of prompts Modelling Verbal cues Nonverbal cues The goal is to gradually remove the prompt

Dr A J Davison Increase Desired Behaviour Shape desired behaviour Build new desired behaviour Slow and inefficient Two principles Differential reinforcement used to increase desired behaviour The criterion that must be reached for reinforcement to occur is increased

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behaviour Use negative consequences Isolate student and yourself Deal with one student at a time State your position once Deliver and move away Do not threaten or bully Avoid touching the student Do not curse or raise voice

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behavior Reprimands Identify unacceptable behaviour State briefly why it is unacceptable Communicate desired behaviour Do not reprimand in front of others Speak about behaviour, not the person Reinforce positive behaviour when it occurs

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behaviour Remove positive consequences Assure the magnitude of the removal fits the crime Be consistent Ensure students understand consequences before misbehaviour Chart student misbehaviour

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behaviour Time out Time out from reinforcement Doesn’t work if other students are reinforcing Helps to extinguish attention seeking behaviour Participation must be more reinforcing

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behaviour Time out It is better to have someone sit out than to have disruptive behaviour Time-out is designed to eliminate teacher and student emotion People want to be treated fairly, not emotionally Anger often triggers “getting even”

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behaviour Time out Establish four time-out locations that face corners of area Signs on walls indoors Signs on cones at perimeter when outdoors Time-out is for everyday behavior, not severe emotional problems Time-out is also a place to cool down

Dr A J Davison Decrease Undesired Behavior When a student will not go to time out Relax, you will have the final word Don’t confront the student in front of class Continue teaching Quietly, in passing, tell the student you’ll meet in the office after school Use in-school suspension Involve principal & parents as last resort