Unit 1 Revision Topic 1: Restless Earth

What are the main things I need to know? How and why tectonic plates are moving Why earthquakes and volcanoes occur 2 examples of earthquakes 2 examples of volcanoes How people can respond to earthquakes and volcanoes

Starter: Study this diagram for 30 seconds…

Now draw your own version in 1 minute

Remember to add these labels… Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust Asthenosphere Lithosphere

Check your diagram and give yourself a mark out of 5

Why are the plates moving? derstanding-earthquakes-and-plate- tectonics/5724.htmlhttp:// derstanding-earthquakes-and-plate- tectonics/5724.html As you watch the clip, write down key words

Plate movement Spend 1 minute sketch to show the following plate boundaries: Convergent (destructive) Divergent (constructive) Transform (conservative) Which type of plate boundary is the mid- Atlantic ridge? Lies under Kobe, Japan? Is the San Andreas fault?

Why do earthquakes occur? geological-explanation-of- earthquakes/6736.htmlhttp:// geological-explanation-of- earthquakes/6736.html As you watch the clip, write down key words that you hear/read

Earthquake key words Crustfocusenergy Mantlepressurereleased Platesheatplate boundary Epicentrefriction

Practice question: Explain why earthquakes occur (you can draw a diagram if you wish). (4 marks) (4 minutes)

SELF ASSESSMENT: Explain why earthquake occur For 4 marks need 4 points (or 2 points each explained) Eg Convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move and collide. Pressure can build up at the plate boundaries where plates are colliding because plates do not move easily past one another. When the rocks can no longer take the pressure, they crack, releasing shockwaves (the earthquake).

Earthquake example: Kobe, Japan (MEDC) e-kobe-earthquake/3070.htmlhttp:// e-kobe-earthquake/3070.html As you watch the clip, write down 3-5 facts about the Kobe earthquake

Earthquake example: Port-Au- Prince, Haiti e-impact-of-the-haiti- earthquake/11522.htmlhttp:// e-impact-of-the-haiti- earthquake/11522.html Watching the clip, write 5 facts

Comparing Kobe and Haiti Kobe, JapanPort-au-Prince, Haiti Jan on richter scale Jan on richter scale Over 6,000 dead, 300,00 homeless 220,00 dead 1.5 mill homeless 100,000 buildings damaged 180,000 buildings damaged US$132 bill damageUS$11.5 bill damage

Practice question: Using examples, explain how people can respond to earthquakes. (4 marks)

SELF ASSESSMENT: Using examples, explain how people can respond to earthquakes. (4 marks) For 4 marks need 4 points (or 2 points each explained) In Japan, buildings are made to withstand earthquakes such as being built with shockabsorbers in their foundations. Also, people are taught what to do if an earthquake strikes such as taking cover under a table or standing in a doorway. In Haiti lots of charities like the Red Cross helped out by providing tents for people to live in and medical help for people who were hurt.

Volcanoes Montserrat – LEDC example 25 th June 1997 On the boundary between the Caribbean and Atlantic plates (destructive plate margin)

Montserrat Impacts – Which are primary and which are secondary? 2/3 island covered in ash Airport has remained closed 23 people killed Over half the population left the island and have not returned Farmland destroyed by ash How else could you categorise these impacts?

Icelandic Eruption – MEDC example – STUDY THIS INFORMATION FOR 30 SECONDS April 2010 Constructive plate boundary where Eurasian and North American plates move apart No deaths Ash affected farmland locally, flights in Europe, contaminated water sources. Increase in tourism locally

Iceland volcano –what can you remember? When? What happened? How did it affect people? How did it affect the environment? Any good impacts?

Monitoring Volcanoes We CAN predict and prepare for volcanic eruptions…