CIRCULATORY SYSTEM YEAR 10 SPORT SCIENCE

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system is made up of:  Heart  Blood  Blood vessels

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Function of Circulatory System: 1. Circulation of blood throughout the body  Supply active muscle with oxygen to assist with breakdown and release of energy during contraction.  Transport blood back to heart. 2. Removal of waste products  By-products of energy production removed by the lungs

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Circulation of blood  Blood is supplied to active muscles during exercise to provide oxygen for the breakdown of energy.  During exercise, heart pumps faster to keep up with demand of oxygen needed by active muscles for contraction.  This causes an increase in heart rate during exercise.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Removal of waste  Through the breakdown of energy during muscle contraction, carbon dioxide (CO²) is formed.  Lactate (lactic acid) is built up during anaerobic exercise.  Blood is transported back to the lungs, where by- products including CO² and lactic acid are removed.  Carbon dioxide and other excretory products are exchanged (exhaled) for oxygen (which is inhaled).

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Contribution to efficient movement  Lungs and heart work together to pump oxygenated blood to muscles and removal waste products from deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the muscles.  Trained athletes have lower resting heart rate.  Average resting HR for teenager: 60-70bpm.

BLOOD Blood composition  Plasma  Blood cells Function of blood  Transportation of oxygen to active muscles for energy production, removal of by-products  Protection against infection and dehydration  Temperature regulation and maintenance of body equilibrium- pH

BLOOD VESSELS Blood vessels make up the vascular network through which all blood flows to all parts of the body.  Arteries  Arterioles  Capillaries  Venules  Veins

BLOOD VESSELS Veins and arteries transport blood around the body  Arteries: away from heart  Veins: return blood to heart

Capillaries  Capillaries extent from arterioles to venules  Capillaries supply blood flow to an organ or muscle and allow for the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other waste chemical substances between blood and surrounding tissues.  Capillaries allow for transfer of O² from blood to muscles and removal of CO² from muscles to blood. CO² is then transported in blood to lungs, where it is exhaled, and O² inhaled.

LUNGS  After exercise, deoxygenated blood from muscles is transported to lungs via the heart.  CO² is exhaled from lungs, and O² inhaled.  Oxygenated blood is now transported to the body (active muscles) via heart.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Two divisions:  Pulmonary circulation Arteries and veins transport deoxygenated blood between heart and lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to heart.  (Heart, right side) → Pulmonary arteries → (Lungs) → Pulmonary vein → (Heart, left side)  Systemic circulation Arteries transport oxygenated blood to organs, muscles and tissue around the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.  (Heart, left side) → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Heart, right side)

HEART

BLOOD CIRCULATION

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood returning from body via heart:  Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava