The History of American Education Chapter 4
Colonial New England Education: God’s Classrooms Schools to save souls…a path to heaven Reading, to read the Bible, to do battle against Satan Old Deluder Satan Law (1647) Latin Grammar School (1635) Boston Harvard College (1636) to prepare ministers in the Colonies---for the Colonies
The Middle Colonies A wider range of religions and ethnic groups Private schools in Philadelphia and New York by early decades of the 1700s, teaching practical knowledge and skills e.g. accounting, navigation, foreign languages (seaports)
The Southern Colonies Rural, sparsely populated Plantation society…wealthy young men sent to Europe to be educated Wealthy females had little schooling, but focused on social responsibilities
A New Nation Shapes Education Thomas Jefferson…wanted to go beyond educating a small elite class Benjamin Franklin Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania (1749), suggesting a new kind of secondary school…the Academy accepted both boys and girls, a variety of practical subjects, became the most important secondary school in America
The Common School Movement Town schools and Dame schools not as able to respond to the growing cry for schooling for the masses Horace Mann “the father of the public school” argued for the benefits of an educated citizenry and working class Common and humane values would ameliorate the rifts between rich and poor Practical, useful courses of study The Common School and the Teaching Profession (video segment 12, 13, 14)
The Secondary School Movement In 1880, about 10 million in elementary schools High numbers of wealthy in private and public colleges Kalamazoo Case (1874) establishing the link between elementary schools and colleges
School Reform Efforts Committee of Ten (1892) Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education (1918) National Defense Education Act (1958) Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1975, 1991, 1997) A Nation at Risk: the Imperative for Educational Reform (1983) No Child Left Behind Act (2001)
Hall of Fame: Profiles in Education Comenius…developmental stages and support for universal education ( ) Rousseau…stages of development, schooling versus education ( ) Pestalozzi…special needs of the disadvantaged and curricular development ( ) Froebel…kindergarten ( )
Hall of Fame Herbart…moral development and structured methodology ( ) Willard…higher education for women, professional teacher preparation ( ) Mann…expanding opportunities for the poor, central role of education for improving life ( ) Prudence Crandall…education for African American girls ( )
Hall of Fame Montessori…potential of young children, environment for learning ( ) Dewey…progressive education, democracy and education ( ) Mary McLeod Bethune…from intellectual slavery to education ( ) Piaget…theory of cognitive development ( )
Hall of Fame Skinner…technology of teaching ( ) Sylvia Ashton-Warner…children at the center of the curriculum ( ) Kenneth Clark…the crippling effects of racism ( ) Bruner…cognitive psychology in shaping curriculum (1915- ) Paulo Freire…education for social justice ( )