The Growth of Industry

War of 1812 Conflict began between Great Britain & France over control of the Atlantic trade. To avoid conflict, the U.S. halted trade with both countries which backfired on them. Curtailed trade for American merchants & farmers  resulting in an economic depression Curtailed trade for American merchants & farmers  resulting in an economic depression American merchants ships were seized at sea by both countries American merchants ships were seized at sea by both countries Britain was encouraging Americans to join the British Royal Navy & Americans believed Britain was arming Native Americans to fight against the Americans Britain was encouraging Americans to join the British Royal Navy & Americans believed Britain was arming Native Americans to fight against the Americans

War of 1812 & the Treaty of Ghent In June of 1812, the U.S. declared war on Great Britain In 1814, after no winning side, the two countries signed the Treaty of Ghent Brought in a spirit of nationalism which led to expanded trade & westward movement. With more trade & new materials, new inventions & industry came to America

Eli Whitney Created both the cotton gin & interchangeable parts Interchangeable parts means components of any device designed to specifications which ensure that they will fit within any device of the same type. This streamlines the manufacturing process, since all pieces are guaranteed to fit with all others, and it similarly creates the opportunity for replacement parts. 

The Cotton Gin Cotton Gin: (short for cotton engine) is a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seedpods and the sometimes sticky seeds, a job previously done by hand. It decreased some of the intense labor that slaves had to do when harvesting/picking cotton, but in actuality, it expanded slavery overall because more cotton was needed for production.

Goodyear & Vulcanized Rubber Vulcanization is the process of making rubber waterproof & winter-proof. It opened the door for an enormous market for rubber goods. Charles Goodyear & Goodyear Tires are not connected – the company simply named the company after him in his honor.

Sewing Machines Invented by Elias Howe – although it became widely used once Isaac Singer altered Howe’s design. Singer’s became the first commercially successful machine. Singer & Howe’s machines had the same lockstitch & needle, but the difference was Singer’s needle moved up & down while Howe’s moved side to side.

The Erie Canal Proposed in 1808 and completed in 1825, the canal links the waters of Lake Erie in the west to the Hudson River in the east. An engineering marvel when it was built, some called it the Eighth Wonder of the World. It is a water conveyance canal, which is used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which is navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connecting existing lakes, rivers, or oceans. Connects Lake Erie to the Hudson River - allowed for goods to move west and farmers’ products to move east.

Erie Canal

Erie Canal & New York New York, a central point for America’s trade & banking, quickly grew to a population of over 200,000 by The development of the nation’s infrastructure led to the growth of America’s cities.

Practice Questions What was the importance of interchangeable parts during the Industrial Revolution of the early 19 th century? A) They allowed for the mass production and reduced price of producing American goods. A) They allowed for the mass production and reduced price of producing American goods. B) They brought to the forefront international inventor Eli Whitney B) They brought to the forefront international inventor Eli Whitney C) They were first used in the production of the cotton gin C) They were first used in the production of the cotton gin D) They revolutionized the cotton gin. D) They revolutionized the cotton gin.

Practice Questions What was the foremost reason for the War of 1812? A) the quest for westward expansion beyond the Mississippi River A) the quest for westward expansion beyond the Mississippi River B) the establishment of a representative government in America B) the establishment of a representative government in America C) the French fur trade in Canada and in western U.S. C) the French fur trade in Canada and in western U.S. D) the British policy of search and seizure of American ships D) the British policy of search and seizure of American ships