Computer Graphics Mansoor Ahmed Bughio

Computer Graphics  Computer graphics are pictures and movies created using computers - usually referring to image data created by a computer specifically with help from specialized graphical hardware and software.picturesmoviescomputersimage  It is a vast and recent area in computer science.computer science  The phrase was coined by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing in Another name for the field is computer-generated imagery, or simply CGI.William FetterBoeingcomputer-generated imagery

 Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.computer science  Computers accept process, transform and present information.  Computer Graphics involves technology to accept, process, transform and present information in a visual form that also concerns with producing images (or animations) using a computer.

 Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures on computer screens with the help of programming. It involves computations, creation, and manipulation of data. In other words, we can say that computer graphics is a rendering tool for the generation and manipulation of images

Why Study Computer Graphics?  Visualization  Graphics is interesting  Colors and motion on the screen  Requirement  AutoCAD and other applications  Entertainment  24 hours Cartoons Network

Some History  The term “computer graphics” was coined in 1960 by William Fetter to describe the new design methods that he was developing at Boeing. He created a series of widely reproduced images on a plotter exploring cockpit design using a 3D model of a human body.

3D MODEL OF A HUMAN BODY

Space wars: first computer graphics game (MIT 1961)

First CAD system (IBM 1959)

Graphics Applications  User Interfaces  Layout and Design  Scientific Visualization and Analysis  Art and Design  Medicine and Virtual Surgery  Layout Design & Architectural Simulations  History and cultural heritage  Entertainment  Simulations  Games

 Application of Computer Graphics  Computer Graphics has numerous applications, some of which are listed below −  Computer graphics user interfaces (GUIs) − A graphic, mouse- oriented paradigm which allows the user to interact with a computer.  Business presentation graphics − "A picture is worth a thousand words".  Cartography − Drawing maps.  Weather Maps − Real-time mapping, symbolic representations.  Satellite Imaging − Geodesic images.  Photo Enhancement − Sharpening blurred photos.

 Medical imaging − MRIs, CAT scans, etc. - Non-invasive internal examination.  Engineering drawings − mechanical, electrical, civil, etc. - Replacing the blueprints of the past.  Typography − The use of character images in publishing - replacing the hard type of the past.  Architecture − Construction plans, exterior sketches - replacing the blueprints and hand drawings of the past.  Art − Computers provide a new medium for artists.  Training − Flight simulators, computer aided instruction, etc.  Entertainment − Movies and games.  Simulation and modeling − Replacing physical modeling and enactments

User Interfaces  Almost all the software packages provide a graphical interface.  Graphical Interface also includes menus and icons for fast selection of programs, processing operations or parameter values. An icon is a graphical symbol that is designed to look like the processing option it represents.

Layout and Design

Scientific Visualization and Analysis  Computer graphics is very helpful in producing graphical representations for scientific visualization and analysis especially in the field of engineering and medicine. It helps a lot in drawing charts and creating models.

ART AND DESIGN  Computer graphics is widely used in Fine Arts as well as commercial arts for producing better as well as cost effective pictures. Artists use a variety of programs in their work, provided by computer graphics. Some of the most frequently used packages include:  Artist’s paintbrush  Pixel paint  Super paint

ART AND DESIGN

Medicine and Virtual Surgery  Computer graphics has extensive use in tomography and simulations of operations. Tomography is the technique that allows cross-sectional views of physiological systems in X-rays photography. Moreover, recent advancement is to make model and study physical functions to design artificial limbs and even plan and practice surgery.

COMPUTER-AIDED SURGERY IS CURRENTLY A HOT TOPIC

Room Layout Design and Architectural Simulations

HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE  Another important application of computer graphics is in the field of history and cultural heritage. A lot of work is done in this area to preserve history and cultural heritage. The features so for provide are:  ƒ Innovative graphics presentations developed for cultural heritage  applications  ƒ Interactive computer techniques for education in art history and archeology  ƒ New analytical tools designed for art historians  ƒ Computer simulations of different classes of artistic media

HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Movies  Computer graphics methods are now commonly used in making motions pictures, music videos and television shows. Sometimes the graphics scenes are displayed by themselves and sometimes graphics objects are combined with the actors and live scenes. A number of hit movies and shows are made using computer graphics technology. Some of them are:  Star Trek- The Wrath of Khan  Deep Space Nine  Stay Tuned  Reds Dreams  She’s Mad

Movies

Behind the scenes on Antz Production

Antz Production

Simulations  Simulation by all means is a very helpful tool to show the idea you have or the work you are doing or to see the results of your work. Given below is the picture in which you can see wave’s ripples on water; no doubt looking like original but is simply a simulation. A number of software packages are used for simulation including:  Crackerjack Computer Skills  Keen Artistic Eye  Flash  Maya

WAVE’S RIPPLES ON WATER

Game  Thanks to computer graphics, real time games are now possible. Now game programming itself has become an independent field and game programmers are in high demand. Some of the famous games are:  Quake  Dooms  Need For Speed  Commandos

Interdisciplinary Science  Physics: light, color, appearance, behavior  Mathematics: Curves and Surfaces, Geometry and Perspective Engineering  Hardware: graphics media and processors, input and output devices  Software: graphics libraries, window systems  Art, Perception and Esthetics  Color, Composition, Lighting, Realism