Emily, Claire, Krum, Maud. August 1947- India and Pakistan gain independence from Britain September- Muslims are killed in Jammu and thousands flee.

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Presentation transcript:

Emily, Claire, Krum, Maud

August India and Pakistan gain independence from Britain September- Muslims are killed in Jammu and thousands flee October- Kashmir chooses to merge with India, Pakistan becomes enraged Pakistan attacks Kashmir- overrules majority of state India sends in troops to Kashmir but Pakistan has captured a large area of the state, but India keeping a larger area

1948- India takes the issue to the United Nations Security Council January India and Pakistan finally agree to withdraw all troops behind a mutually agreed ceasefire line (Line of Control) October Indian Constituent Assembly adopts Article 370 of the constitution, giving special status and internal autonomy for Kashmir First post-independence elections take place in Kashmir. Sheikh Abdullah, the leader of the National Conference, Kashmir’s largest party, wins Sheikh Abdullah changes stance (endorsing accession to India) to self- determination for Kashmiris

1965- India and Pakistan go to war after Pakistan launches Operation Gibraltar in August, sending armed infiltrators across the ceasefire line Pakistan and India agree to revert to pre-1965 positions India and Pakistan sign the Simla Agreement, which declares that the issue will be settled in the future and both sides shall respect the ceasefire line Sheikh Abdullah dies. His son, Farooq Abdullah, takes over the National Conference.

1987- Farooq Abdullah wins election Anti-India protests begin by Pakistan citizens Armed movement against India begins- Pakistan accuses India of arming their fighters 100 killed when India fires at unarmed protesters India and Pakistan engage in low level dialogue discussing peace agreements Insurgents infiltrate vacant mountain peaks border tensions, resuming ties, civil disobedience, unrest

Pashtans and Poonch rebels invade Kashmir Maharaja of Kashmir turns to India for help signs instrument of accession acceding 75% of the region to India 1947 Pakistan declares accession as illegal and invades 1949 UN intervention results in ceasefire Leaves India in control of most of Kashmir while Pakistan gains Azad Kashmir

United Nations Commissions for India and Pakistan resolution states that the accession of Jammu And Kashmir will be declared through a plebiscite. Both countries agree, and withdraw their troops Fail to arrive at a truce 1956 – President of India declares the state of Jammu and Kashmir a part of India

Religious conflict Holy Relic is missing from a Shrine in Kashmir Pakistan invade Kashmir again War results in another ceasefire Pakistan funds Kashmiri rebels (Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Font) Countless failed efforts from India and Pakistan to reach a truce. By 1987 India gains even more of Kashmir

Kashmir goes through tons of different leaders Very unstable Pakistani soldiers invade onto Indian territory -> start of Kargil war Seen as very dangerous because of Nuclear weapons None were used Results in 1000 soldiers and hundreds of civilians dead

Manmohan Singh- Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh Pervez Musharraf- Former president of Pakistan, ex- chief of Pakistan militaryPervez Musharraf

Yasin Malik- leader of one faction of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Sheikh Abdullah- Leader of the National Conference (Kashmir’s largest political party)