Bellwork, 5/5/11 10) Create your own definition for the phrase “Civil Disobedience.” 11) Who were the “Untouchables” in the caste system and why were they called that? 12) Why do you think it has been difficult for the followers of Hindu and the followers of Islam to co-exist in India and surrounding countries?

5/5/11

Ghandi’s Principles Studied Law in England Non-Violent resistance to end injustice Method was called satyagraha (Truth Force) Influenced by Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience Who did Ghandi believe was unjust toward India?

How did Ghandi appeal to his people? Encouraging traditional Indian practices Restricted diet Duty Morality Rejected some elements of the caste system Unfair treatment of the “untouchables.” Reached out to Muslims

Civil Disobedience Supporting strikes and protests against British rule Boycott on British goods Salt March Protesting a salt tax imposed by the British The tax stated that Indians were not permitted to make salt and had to buy salt that was taxed by the British. Led a 200-mile march in protest and ended at the coast where they broke the law and made salt from sea water. This led to Ghandi’s imprisonment and the imprisonment of 50,000 followers. Though the tax remained, Britain began debating whether they should continue rule over India.

Moving Toward Independence World War II How do you think Indian’s responded when expected to fight for the British during World War II? They would fight but only if ____________. How did Britain respond to India’s internal policy during the war? 1945 Britain was weak following World War II Public Opinion in Britain

Hindu-Muslim Conflict Hindu-Muslim relations were fairly united prior to the 1920’s. During the 1920’s and 30’s, divisions between the two became stronger. Hindu Congress Party Muslim League How did the British react to this conflict? What did Muslim’s want?

The Subcontinent Divided Rioting began between Hindus and Muslims in 1946 When Britain relinquished control over India, India was then divided into two separate countries. What were they? India and Pakistan both promised religious toleration. Major migration between India and Pakistan What was Ghandi’s reaction? What happened in January 1948? Who was responsible?

India-Pakistan Conflict Continues Senator Bill Nelson (D), Florida