Figure 15.1 Information system and the individual. [Source: Jerome Kanter, Managing with Information, 4th ed. (1992), p Reprinted with permission of Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.]

Figure 15.2 Enabling disabled people to work with computers. [Source: J.J. Lazzaro, “Computers for the Disabled,” Byte (June 1993).] (a) A PC for a blind user, equipped with an Oscar optical scanner and a Braille printer, both by TeleSensory. The optical scanner converts text into ASCII code or into proprietary word processing format. Files saved on disk can then be translated into Braille and sent to the printer. Visually impaired users can also enlarge the text on the screen by loading a TSR software magnification program. (b) The deaf User’s PC is connected to a telephone via an Ultratec Intele-Modem Baudot/ASCII modem. The user is sending and receiving messages to and from someone at a remote site who is using a telecommunications device for deaf people (right). (c) This motor- disabled person is communicating with a PC using a Pointer Systems optical head pointer to access all keyboard functions on a virtual keyboard shown on the PC’s display. The user can “strike” a key in one of two ways. He can focus on the desired key for a user-definable time period (which causes the key to be highlighted), or he can click an adapted switch when he chooses the desired key.

Figure 15.3 Security threats [Source: F. Gallegos and D. M. Wright, “Evaluating Data Security,” Journal of Information Systems Management, Spring 1988, p Warren, Gorham & Lamont.]

Figure 15.4 How a computer virus can spread [Source: Courtesy of Thumbscan.]

Figure 15.5 The defense [Source: Joe Lertola 1983 Discover Magazine.]

Fideltiy’s Web Express [Source: Fidelity Investments. Chart by David R. Bautista.]