Section 2.6 Equations of Bernoulli, Ricatti, and Clairaut.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 2.6 Equations of Bernoulli, Ricatti, and Clairaut

BERNOULLI’S EQUATION The differential equation where n is any real number, is called Bernoulli’s equation. For n = 0 and n = 1, the equation is linear and can be solved by methods of the last section.

SOLVING A BERNOULLI EQUATION 1.Rewrite the equation as 2.Use the substitution w = y 1 − n, n ≠ 0, n ≠ 1. NOTE: dw/dx = (1 − n) y −n dy/dx. 3.This substitution turns the equation in Step 1 into a linear equation which can be solved by the method of the last section.

RICATTI’S EQUATION The nonlinear differential equation is called Ricatti’s equation.

SOLVING A RICATTI EQUATION 1.Find a particular solution y 1. (This may be given.) 2.Use the substitution y = y 1 + u and to reduce the equation to a Bernoulli equation with n = 2. 3.Solve the Bernoulli equation.

CLAIRAUT’S EQUATION The nonlinear differential equation y = xy′ + f (y′) is called Clairaut’s equation. Its solution is the family of straight lines y = cx + f (c), where c is an arbitrary constant. (See Problem 29.)

PARAMETRIC SOLUTION TO CLAIRAUT’S EQUATION Clairaut’s equation may also have a solution in parametric form: x = −f ′ (t), y = f (t) − t f ′ (t). NOTE: This solution will be a singular solution since, if f ″(t) ≠ 0, it cannot be determined from the family of solutions y = cx + f (c).