Figure 1.1 Angus Maddison (1926 - 2010) * The portrait was painted by Carla Rodenburg in 2001. I am grateful to Angus Maddison for his permission to use this painting.  Angus Maddison

Figure 1.2 Gross domestic and gross national product, 2008 ($ billion). The dotted line is a 45º line, the axes use a logarithmic scale, and the circles are proportional to the size of GNI.

Figure 1.3 Gross domestic product, 2008; top 15, ranked according to ppp

Figure 1.4 Exports and imports of goods and services, 2008 ($ billion) The dotted line is a 45º line, the axes use a logarithmic scale, and the circles are proportional to the size of exports.

Figure 1.5 Relative exports of goods and services, 2008 (% of GDP)

Figure 1.6 Taxes on international trade, 2008 (% of government revenue)

Figure 1.7 Development of world per capita income over the last 2000 years

Figure 1.8 Two waves of globalization in trade

Figure 1.9 Foreign capital stocks; assets / world GDP

Figure 1.10 Relative migration flows, Western Europe and Western Offshoots

Figure 1.11 Intra- and Inter-regional merchandise trade flows (% of world total)