مزایای استفاده از سیستم PCT و برخی از مشکلات آن برای مخترعان ایرانی محمود صادقی دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نایب رئیس انجمن علمی حقوق مالکیت.

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Presentation transcript:

مزایای استفاده از سیستم PCT و برخی از مشکلات آن برای مخترعان ایرانی محمود صادقی دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نایب رئیس انجمن علمی حقوق مالکیت فکری ایران کارگاه آموزشی آشنایی با روند تسلیم اظهارنامه ثبت اختراع از طریق سیستم معاهده همکاری ثبت اختراع (PCT) 6/11/94

راههای ثبت اختراع در خارج  مراجعه مستقیم به اداره ثبت اختراع خارجی  سیستم کنوانسیون پاریس ( استفاده از حق تقدم 12 ماهه )  استفاده از ادارات ثبت منطقه ای ( مثل EPO)  استفاده از سیستم PCT

PCT Background  A United Nations Treaty signed in June of 1970 at the Washington Diplomatic Conference became operational in June of 1978 administered by the International Bureau (IB) of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, Switzerland  18 Contracting States in 1978  Currently 148 Contracting States (1 Jan. 2016)

Purposes of the PCT  To simplify the process of filing foreign patent applications  To give every regional or national patent Office designated by the applicant the benefit of a search by a major patent Office an optional examination by a major patent Office

Advantages of the PCT  To file in up to 148ncountries with a single international application  To delay the expenses associated with translations foreign filing fees local associates  To provide an early indication of pertinent prior art  To give extra time for assessment of commercial viability in designated States

PCT Contracting States  A country which is a signatory to the PCT  Patent protection is available in each PCT Contracting State through either a national patent Office a regional patent Office or both

Traditional patent systems Local patent application followed within 12 months by multiple foreign applications claiming priority under Paris Convention: -multiple formality requirements -multiple searches -multiple publications -multiple examinations and prosecutions of applications -translations and national fees required at 12 months 0 12 File application locally File applications abroad (months)

File Demand File first application File PCT International Search Report & Written Opinion of the ISA International publication International preliminary examination (months) OR Enter national phase Chapter I Chapter II PCT System 30 - one set of formalities requirements - international search - international publication - optional international preliminary examination - translations and national fees required at 20 or 30 months, and only if applicant wants to proceed with national phase entry Local application followed within 12 months by the PCT, claiming priority under the Paris convention

The two phases of the PCT  International Phase Chapter I (mandatory)  designated Offices Chapter II (optional)  elected Offices  National Phase (stage)

The international application  A single application is filed in one language filed in one patent Office  the receiving Office (RO)  usually the applicant's home patent Office treated as a national application in each designated State as of the international filing date  Compliance with the form prescribed for the international application must be accepted by all designated States during national stage

Steps for national stage entry  Prepare translations of the international application into languages required by the desired patent offices as applicable translations should be “accurate” amendments, even those considered to be minor in nature, should not be made to the translation  applicant may file amendments to the application in each DO/EO  Transmit translation and necessary fees to each desired national or regional patent office previously designated/elected

Purpose of national phase  Once national phase entry requirements have been met, each designated/elected Office decides whether to grant a patent or reject the claims

نکات قابل توجه  سیستم PCT سیستم صدور گواهینامه نیست  اصل سرزمینی بودن حمایت  اصل استقلال گواهینامه های ثبت اختراع  توجه به کاربرد مزایای استفاده از سیستم PCT:  توجه به مفهوم حق تقدم  استفاده از طولانی تر بودن زمان حق تقدم برای مطالعه بازار و انتخاب کشور محل ثبت  استفاده از امکان ثبت اختراع در کشورهای متعدد  لزوم مقایسه با آلترناتیوهای دیگر  مراجعه مستقیم به اداره ثبت اختراع کشور مورد نظر ( مثل USPTO)  مراجعه مستقیم به اداره ثبت اختراع منطقه ای مورد نظر ( مثل EPO)

برخی از مشکلات مخترعان ایرانی  مشکلات ناشی از ثبت اختراع پیشین در ایران  گذشت مدت بیش از 12 ماه از تسلیم اظهارنامه  چاپ مقاله پیش از تسلیم اظهارنامه  تولید محصول پیش از تسلیم اظهارنامه

برخی از مشکلات مخترعان ایرانی  طولانی بودن فرآیند بررسی در نهادهای حمایتی ( مثل صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران و مخترعان )  قطع تخفیف EPO برای متقاضیان ایرانی  تکرار فرآیند جستجو در برخی از ادارات ثبت اختراع ( مثل USPTO) نسبت به متقاضیان ایرانی، در فاز ملی  عدم امکان انتخاب بعضی از مراجع جستجو ( مثل USPTO) در فاز بین المللی برای متقاضیان ایرانی  مشکل نحوه پرداخت هزینه ها

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