Research Scholar Chandrashekara J Under the Guidens Dr. Adithyakumari H Asst. Prof., University of Mysore

Introduction In research, surveys are most commonly used and most abused means of collecting primary data. These methods are mostly used as these are less time consuming, economic and extremely flexible methods of obtaining information about attitudes and actions of people. These are most abused in the sense that the questions framed in the investigation are biased or poorly structured, the interviewers are poorly trained or the sample of respondents in not true representative of the universe.

Types of Survey Research Interview Method Questionnaire and Schedule.

Characteristics of Interviewing Method Needs Proper Introduction: the participants-the interviewer and the respondent are strangers. Incorporates Transitory Relationships Caters to a specific purpose Verbal interaction

Role of Interviewing Generate insights and concepts not generalize about them. Expand the understanding To search for exceptions to the rule by charting extreme cases. Results can be validated elsewhere with several other interviews.

Types of Interview 1. Personal interview 2. Telephone Interview The telephone interview is used when the information to be collected is limited. The telephone interview is used in lieu of personal interviews. It is most frequently used when the information has to be collected quickly and inexpensively.

3. Mail Interview The mail interview places a great deal of importance on the construction of the questionnaire, because there is no interviewer in mail surveys to ask questions and record answers. 4. Self-Administered Interview : The self- administered and mail survey methods have one thing in common. 5. Panel interview : A panel interview may be composed of either individuals or corporate units. 6. Electronic Interview a. Fax b. Internet Surveys

Questionnaire Method The questionnaire is a list of questions to be asked from the respondents. It also contains a suitable space where the answers can be recorded. Questionnaire is a self-administered process where by the respondent himself reads the question and records his answers without the assistance of an interviewer.

Preparation of Questionnaire Most of what is known about making questionnaires is the result of general experience. Neither a basic theory nor even a fully systematized approach to the problem has been developed.

Major Steps For The Questionnaire  Determine What Information is Wanted  Determine the Type of Questionnaire to Use  Determine the Content of Individual Questions  Determine the Type of Question to Use:  Deciding on wording of Questions  Decide on Question Sequence  Decide on Length of Questionnaire  Decide on Layout and Reproduction

Types of Questions Open-Ended Questions Close-ended Questions

Qualities of a Good Questionnaire  Questionnaire should be Brief  Simple, Clear Questions  Nature of Questions  Use of appropriate Words in the Questions  Questions Capable of Objective Answers  Some kind of Questions should be Avoided  Sequence of Questions  Instructions for filling in Questionnaire  Setting of Questionnaire

Advantages of Questionnaire Methods a. Economical b. Time Saving c. Accessibility to Diverse Respondents d. Free from Bias e. Respondent’s Convenience f. Standardized Wordings

Disadvantages of Questionnaire Methods Unwillingness of respondent to provide information Inability of Respondent to Provide Information Influence of Questioning Process

Schedule Schedule is a device in social research, which is most frequently used in collecting field data especially where the survey method is employed. Schedule is used in indirect interview. It contains questions and blank tables, which are to be filled in by the investigators themselves after getting information from the respondents.

Types of Schedule  Enquiry Schedules  Observation Schedule  Rating Schedules  Documentary Schedules  Interview Schedules

Advantages of Schedule Method  Higher Response  Saving of Time  Personal Contact  Human Touch  Deeper Probe  Defects in Sampling are detected

Limitations of the Schedule Method  Costly and Time-Consuming  Need of Trained Field Workers  Adverse Effect of Personal Presence  Organization Difficulties

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