Arnan Sipitakiat Dept. Compute Engineering, Chiang Mai University.

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Operational Amplifiers

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Presentation transcript:

Arnan Sipitakiat Dept. Compute Engineering, Chiang Mai University

What’s wrong with this circuit? A microcontroller usually supplies limited current (i.e. 25 mA). This is ok for LEDs but not enough for high current loads like a motor

Transistors Using transistors as a switch Transistors works both as (1) a switch and (2) a current amplifier. Transistors allow us to send higher current to a load.

Using a transistor

Different Loads Requires Different Power Typical LEDs 5-15 Or mW Small DC Motors Or 0.5-1W Irrigation Control Valve Or 14-24W

Can the 2N3904 control the valve? Irrigation Control Valve Or 14-24W

The answer is in the datasheet

1.Control 24V? -> Yes 2.Can supply enough current? -> No. At 24V, the maximum current is 625/24 = 26 mA Notice that 26 mA is a lot less than 200 mA 200 mA can be achieved only at 625/200 = V

How about this one? KTD882

1.Control 24V? -> Yes 2.Can supply enough current? -> No. At 24V, the maximum current is 10/24 = A

This one? ST-13005

1.Control 24V? -> Yes 2.Can supply enough current? -> Yes. At 24V, the maximum current is 75/24 = A 75W can be achieved only when Tc (case) is 25C.

Heat sinks are very important when driving high-current loads It keeps Tc within range

Higher loads Drone Motor 14-25A

Relays Usually have higher current ratings for its price typical for less than 100 THB

Relay “Poles” and “Throws”

Driving load with a relay

Solid-State Relays

H-Bridge: A bi-directional driver

Relay H-Bridge

Transistor H-Bridge

H-Bridge IC / Module

Power Supply? Max. current0.5 A (USB 2.0) 0.9 A (USB 3.0 & 3.1) 3 A (USB Type-C)

Wall Adapters Voltage and Current is defined on the package Typical values: 5,9,12V and 0.3 to 3A

Switching Power Supply Voltage and Current is defined on the package Typical Values: 5, 12, 24V and 2 to 50A

Batteries (Alkaline) Theoretically can supply unlimited current within its capacity (~1500 mAh for AA). In practice, can give about 2-3 amps.

Other types of batteries Li-ion (Lithium ion) LIPO (Lithium Polymer)

Conclusions There are many ways to drive output devices Transistors are good for low power applications Relays are suitable for AC power applications or when low loss and high current is needed H-bridge is for bi-directional applications Choose the right tool for the job!