Investigation of the ammonia oxidation over copper with in situ NEXAFS spectroscopy: Influence of the copper oxides on the reaction products R.W. Mayer.

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Presentation transcript:

Investigation of the ammonia oxidation over copper with in situ NEXAFS spectroscopy: Influence of the copper oxides on the reaction products R.W. Mayer 1, M. Hävecker 1, A. Knop-Gericke 1, F. Senf 2, and R. Schlögl 1 1 Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG, Dept. Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin, Germany 2 BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Allee 15, Berlin, Germany 1. Introduction Ammonia containing exhaust gas is still a problem in many chemical processes, e.g. in the ammonia slipstream treatment after deNO x -SCR [1] or in the purification of reformats for fuel-cell applications [2]. Besides the decomposition of ammonia to nitrogen and hydrogen the selective catalytic oxidation to nitrogen and water 4NH 3 + 3O 2  2N 2 + 6H 2 O(1) is consistent with a wide range of applications [3] and the subject of this investigation. In addition to reaction (1) the total oxidation 4NH 3 + 5O 2  4NO + 6H 2 O(2) is possible in oxygen containing feed gas. Because of the production of hazardous nitric oxide this reaction path has to be totally suppressed. This is the most important selection criteria for a suitable catalyst. 2. Method Sample current I S Gasphase Signal I G Cylinder Signal I Z Collector Plate Signal I C Sample heater X-ray window Synchrotron radiation Detector (schematical): measure mode: Total Electron Yield Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy in soft energy range (h  = eV) provides electronic structure of involved species and by comparison with reference spectra chemical state of the catalyst surface in situ: reaction is observed via mass spectrometry high pressure: up to several mbars  aim: detect the catalytically active surface structure of the catalyst Reactor (schematical): Gas- mixture via MFC Pump MS pressure- control Beamlines at BESSY II: U49/1 and UE56/2 (Undulator) PM1 (bending magnet) Beamlines at BESSY II: U49/1 and UE56/2 (Undulator) PM1 (bending magnet) 3b. p=1.2mbar and CuO with NH 3 :O 2 = 1:12 and increasing temperature MS-Data NEXAFS 3c. p=1.2mbar and Cu 2 O with NH 3 :O 2 = 1:12 and increasing temperature NEXAFS MS-Data 3d. p=0.8mbar and CuO with NH 3 :O 2 = 1:12 and increasing temperature MS-Data NEXAFS 3a. p=0.4mbar and CuO with NH 3 :O 2 = 1:12 and increasing temperature Fast Deactivation due to formation of copper(I) nitride (Ref. [4]) No deactivation no copper(I) nitride less N 2 production high NO amounts Deactivation due to copper(I) nitride no NO production high N 2 amounts High NO production with CuO High N 2 production with Cu 2 O 4. Conclusions Correlation of the products with CuO surface intensity:  copper(II)oxide catalyzes the total oxidation of ammonia to NO  partial oxidation to nitrogen is catalyzed by copper(I)oxide  but: fast deactivation of Cu 2 O due to copper(I)nitride formation References [1] H.Bosch and F.J.J.G. Janssen, Catal. Today 2 (1988) 369 [2] Lu Gang, J. van Grondelle, B.G. Anderson, and R.A. van Santen, J.Catal. 186 (1999) 100 [3] T. Curtin, F. O‘Regan, C. Deconinck, N. Knüttle, and B.K. Hodnett, Catal. Today 55 (2000) 189 [4] R.W. Mayer, M.Hävecker, A. Knop-Gericke, F.Senf, and R. Schlögl, submitted to Catal. Lett. Acknowledgement The staff of BESSY II is gratefully acknowledged for their support in beamline operation.